Page "Jurisdiction" Paragraph 14

: This theory characterizes international and municipal law as a single legal system with municipal law subordinate to international law.

Hence, in the Netherlands, all treaties and the orders of international organizations are effective without any action being required to convert international into municipal law.

This has an interesting consequence because treaties that limit or extend the powers of the Dutch government are automatically considered a part of their constitutional law, for example, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

In states adopting this theory, the local courts automatically accept jurisdiction to adjudicate on lawsuits relying on international law principles.