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The first of these is private antiquities, best represented by his Sabina, or morning scenes in the dressing room of a wealthy Roman lady (; 1803, 2 vols.

; 2nd ed., 1806 ), which was translated into French and served as a model for Wilhelm Adolf Becker's Gallus and Charicles.

The second, the Greek theatre, which Böttiger had been interested in since his time as a drama critic in Weimar ; his unfavorable review of August Wilhelm Schlegel's Ion was withdrawn at the request of Goethe.

It was mainly as a schoolmaster in Weimar that he wrote his papers on the distribution of the parts, on the masks and dresses, and on the machinery of the ancient stage, as well as a dissertation on the masks of the Furies in 1801.

Thirdly, he worked in the domain of ancient art and mythology ; his work in this area was popular but, according to some 20th-century critics, superficial.