Page "Kurgan hypothesis" Paragraph 36

However, this study does not in any way conflict with the hypothesis of expansions from the Pontic Steppe, since the study does not take into account the early wave of the Indo-European speaking people.

Even today the R1a1a7-M458 are very rare, almost absent, in the area of the Indo-European origins between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea ; the R1a1a7-M458 marker first started in Poland 10, 000 years ago ( KYA ), and arrived in the western fringes of the Pontic steppe 5000 years ago and the eastern fringes only 2500 years ago, while the first Indo-European wave ( 4500 – 4000 BC Early PIE ) began up to 4000 years before this.