Page "Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act" Paragraph 22

Ultimately, the act's technical failures were exploited by both the union officials – most famously the Teamsters, whose president, Jimmy Hoffa, among others, notably raided the union pension coffers for his own personal investments – and the courts.

While the Act was ostensibly created to foster democracy, the judiciary frequently interpreted it in ways to minimize internal union dissonance and labor disruption, favoring instead the stern hand of management.

As law professor Alan Hyde put it: