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However, if we restrict ourselves to locations outside the convex hull ( think shrink-wrap ) of the object, then we can measure the plenoptic function easily using a digital camera.
Moreover, in this case the function contains redundant information, because the radiance along a ray remains constant from point to point along its length, as shown at left.
In fact, the redundant information is exactly one dimension, leaving us with a four-dimensional function.
Parry Moon dubbed this function the photic field ( 1981 ), while researchers in computer graphics call it the 4D light field ( Levoy 1996 ) or Lumigraph ( Gortler 1996 ).
Formally, the 4D light field is defined as radiance along rays in empty space.

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