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Magnesium ( ) is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12.
Its common oxidation number is + 2.
It is an alkaline earth metal and the eighth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and ninth in the known universe as a whole.
Magnesium is the fourth most common element in the Earth as a whole ( behind iron, oxygen and silicon ), making up 13 % of the planet's mass and a large fraction of the planet's mantle.
The relative abundance of magnesium is related to the fact that it is easily built up in supernova stars from a sequential addition of three helium nuclei to carbon ( which in turn is made from three helium nuclei ).
Due to magnesium ion's high solubility in water, it is the third most abundant element dissolved in seawater.

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