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Magnolia liliiflora ( variously known by many names, including Mulan magnolia, Purple magnolia, Red magnolia, Lily magnolia, Tulip magnolia, Jane magnolia and Woody-orchid ) is a small tree native to southwest China ( in Sichuan and Yunnan ), but cultivated for centuries elsewhere in China and also Japan.

It was first introduced to English-speaking countries from cultivated Japanese origins, and is thus also sometimes called Japanese magnolia, though it is not native to Japan.

It is now also planted as an ornamental in North America and Europe, though rather less often than its popular hybrid ( see below ).

The name Yulania liliiflora is a synonym.