Page "Management" Paragraph 38

As one consequence, workplace democracy has become both more common, and more advocated, in some places distributing all management functions among the workers, each of whom takes on a portion of the work.

However, these models predate any current political issue, and may occur more naturally than does a command hierarchy.

All management to some degree embraces democratic principles in that in the long term workers must give majority support to management ; otherwise they leave to find other work, or go on strike.

Despite the move toward workplace democracy, command-and-control organization structures remain commonplace and the de facto organization structure.

Indeed, the entrenched nature of command-and-control can be seen in the way that recent layoffs have been conducted with management ranks affected far less than employees at the lower levels.

In some cases, management has even rewarded itself with bonuses after laying off level workers.