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Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria ( who was given the Latin baptismal name of Maria Ludovica Leopoldina Francisca Theresa Josepha Lucia ) was born at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna on 12 December 1791 to Archduke Francis of Austria and his second wife, Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily.

Her father became Holy Roman Emperor a year later as Francis II.

Marie Louise was a great granddaughter of Empress Maria Theresa through her father, and thus a great niece of Marie Antoinette.

She was also a maternal granddaughter of Queen Maria Carolina of Naples, Marie Antoinette's favourite sister.