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In Many Are the Crimes: McCarthyism in America, historian Ellen Schrecker calls the FBI " the single most important component of the anti-communist crusade " and writes: " Had observers known in the 1950s what they have learned since the 1970s, when the Freedom of Information Act opened the Bureau's files, ' McCarthyism ' would probably be called ' Hooverism.

'" FBI director J. Edgar Hoover was one of the nation's most fervent anti-communists, and one of the most powerful.