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On 16 June 1913, just a few months after the end of the first war, the Bulgarian government ordered an attack on Serbian and Greek positions in Macedonia, without declaring war.
Almost all of Bulgaria's 500, 000-man standing army was positioned against these two countries, on two fronts – western and southern, while the borders with Romania and the Ottoman Empire were left almost unguarded.
Montenegro sent a 12, 000-strong force to assist the Serbs.
Exhausted from the previous war, which took the highest toll on Bulgaria, the Bulgarian army soon turned on the defensive.
Romania attacked from the north and north-east, the Ottoman empire also intervened in Thrace.
Allied numerical superiority was almost 2: 1.
After a month and two days of fighting, the war ended as a moral disaster for Bulgaria, in the same time its economy was ruined and the military – demoralized.

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