Page "Monarchy of Canada" Paragraph 29

All laws in Canada are the monarch's and the sovereign is one of the three components of parliament — formally called the Queen-in-Parliament — but the monarch and viceroy do not participate in the legislative process save for the granting of Royal Assent, which is necessary for a bill to be enacted as law.

Either figure or a delegate may perform this task, and the viceroy has the option of deferring assent to the sovereign, as per the constitution.

The governor general is further responsible for summoning the House of Commons, while either the viceroy or monarch can prorogue and dissolve the legislature, after which the governor general usually calls for a general election.

The new parliamentary session is marked by either the monarch, governor general, or some other representative reading the Speech from the Throne ; as the sovereign is traditionally barred from the House of Commons, this ceremony, as well as the bestowing of Royal Assent, takes place in the Senate chamber.

Despite this exclusion, members of the commons must still express their loyalty to the monarch and defer to her authority, as the Oath of Allegiance must be recited by all new parliamentarians before they may take their seat, and the official opposition is traditionally dubbed as Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition.