Page "Mongols" Paragraph 9

Geographically the Tuoba Xianbei ruled Inner Mongolia and northern China, the Nirun ( Yujiulu Shelun was the first to use the title Khagan in 402 ) ruled Outer Mongolia, the Khitan were concentrated in Southern Manchuria north of Korea and the Shiwei were located to the north of the Khitan.

These tribes and kingdoms were soon overshadowed by the rise of the Gok-Turks in 555, the Uyghurs in 745 and the Yenisei Kirghizs in 840.

The Tuoba were eventually absorbed into China.

The Rouran fled west from the Gok-Turks and either disappeared into obscurity or, as some say, invaded Europe as the Avars under their Khan Bayan I.

Some Rouran under Tatar Khan migrated east founding the Tatar tribes, who became part of the Shiwei.

The Khitan, who were independent after their separation from the proto-Mongol Kumo Xi ( of Wuhuan origin ) in 388 AD, continued as a minor power in Manchuria until one of them, Abaoji ( 872-926 ), established the Khitan Liao Dynasty ( 907-1125 ).

The Khitan fled west after their defeat by the Tungusic Jurchens ( later known as Manchus ) and founded the Kara-Khitan or Western Liao dynasty ( 1125 – 1218 ) in eastern Kazakhstan.

In 1218 Genghis Khan destroyed the Kara-Khitan Kingdom after which the Khitan passed into obscurity.

The modern-day minority of Mongolic-speaking Daurs in China are their direct descendants based on DNA evidence.