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Smith's church grew steadily, but from the beginning in 1830, its members were persecuted.
To avoid persecution from New York residents, the members moved to Kirtland, Ohio and hoped to establish a permanent New Jerusalem or City of Zion in Jackson County, Missouri.
However, they were expelled from Jackson County in 1833 and forced to flee Kirtland in early 1838.
In Missouri, violent conflicts with other Missourians resulted in the governor of Missouri issuing an " extermination order ," expelling Latter Day Saints from Missouri.
The displaced Mormons fled to Illinois and settled the city of Nauvoo, Illinois, where they were able to live with a degree of peace and prosperity for a few years.
However tensions between Mormons and non-Mormons again escalated to the point that in 1844, Smith was killed by a mob, precipitating a succession crisis.
The largest group of Mormons, or The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, accepted Brigham Young as the new prophet / leader and emigrated to what became the Utah Territory.
The church began the open practice of plural marriage, a form of polygyny which Smith had instituted in Nauvoo.
Plural marriage became the faith's most sensational characteristic during the 19th century, but vigorous opposition by the United States Congress threatened the church's existence as a legal institution.
In his 1890 Manifesto, church president Wilford Woodruff announced the official end of plural marriage.

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