Page "Muhammad bin Qasim" Paragraph 47

Some historians strike a middle ground, saying that Qasim was torn between the political expediency of making peace with the Hindus and Buddhists ; having to call upon non-Muslims to serve under him as part of his mandate to administer newly conquered land ; and orthodoxy by refraining from seeking the co-operation of " infidels ".

It is contended that Qasim may have struck a middle ground, conferring the status of Dhimmi upon the native Sindhis and permitting them to participate in his administration, but treating them as " noncitizens " ( i. e. in the Khilafat, but not of it ).