Page "Oath More Judaico" Paragraph 18

Prussia retained the obnoxious formula until March 15, 1869 ; the Netherlands modified the oath in 1818, and Russia in 1838 and 1860.

The Jewish advocate Isaac Adolphe Crémieux won great fame by effecting the abolition of the oath through a case brought before the court of Nîmes in 1827.

Lazard Isidor, as rabbi of Pfalzburg, refused in 1839 to open the synagogue for such an oath ; prosecuted for contempt of court, he was defended by Crémieux and acquitted.

The French Supreme Court finally declared the oath unconstitutional on March 3, 1846.

However, as late as 1902, a court in Romania upheld that country's version of the oath.