Page "Ordo Templi Orientis" Paragraph 14

After Crowley's death Germer attempted to keep O. T. O.

running, with questionable success.

Crowley had granted a charter to run an O. T. O.

Camp in England to Gerald Gardner, and Germer acknowledged Gardner as the O. T. O.

's main representative in Europe.

The two men met in 1948 in New York to discuss plans, but Gardner's continuing ill health led to Germer replacing him with Frederic Mellinger in 1951.

Also in 1951 Germer granted a charter to run an O. T. O.

Camp in England to Kenneth Grant, who had briefly served as Crowley's secretary during the 1940s.

Grant was to be expelled and his charter revoked in 1955 however, and from that time onwards the O. T. O.

's representative in the U. K. was a IX ° member, Noel Fitzgerald.