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The Ottoman Empire came to rule much of the Balkans, the Fertile Crescent and Egypt over the course of several centuries, with an advanced army and navy.
The Empire lasted until the end of the First World War, when it was defeated by the Allies and was succeeded by the modern Republic of Turkey in 1923.
Not all Ottomans were Muslims and not all Ottoman Muslims were Turks, but by 1923 the majority of people living within the borders of the new Turkish republic identified as Turks.
( Notable exceptions were the Kurds and the few remaining Armenians and Greeks ).

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