Page "Ottoman coat of arms" Paragraph 0

Every sultan of the Ottoman Empire had his own monogram, called the tughra, which served as a coat of arms.

A modern coat of arms was created in the late 19th century.

The final design was adopted by Sultan Abdul Hamid II on April 17, 1882.

It included two flags: the flag of the Ottoman Dynasty, which had a crescent and a star on red base, and the flag of the Islamic Caliph, which had three crescents on a green base.