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In 1994, responding to the need for a more useful system for describing chronic pain, the International Association for the Study of Pain ( IASP ) classified pain according to specific characteristics: ( 1 ) region of the body involved ( e. g., abdomen, lower limbs ), ( 2 ) system whose dysfunction may be causing the pain ( e. g., nervous, gastrointestinal ), ( 3 ) duration and pattern of occurrence, ( 4 ) intensity and time since onset, and ( 5 ) etiology.
This system has been criticized by Clifford J. Woolf and others as inadequate for guiding research and treatment.
According to Woolf, there are three classes of pain: nociceptive pain ( see hereunder ), inflammatory pain which is associated with tissue damage and the infiltration of immune cells, and pathological pain which is a disease state caused by damage to the nervous system ( neuropathic pain, see hereunder ) or by its abnormal function ( dysfunctional pain, like in fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, tension type headache, etc.
).

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