Page "Paris massacre of 1961" Paragraph 9

After the May 1958 crisis and the installation of the new Fifth Republic under Charles de Gaulle's leadership, Maurice Papon was kept on by the Resistance hero.

Papon created the ' compagnies de district ' ( district companies ), police forces that specialized in repression, where new police recruits were trained.

These district companies were formed mainly from veterans of the Indochina War ( 1947 – 54 ) or young people coming back from Algeria.