Page "Penile plethysmograph" Paragraph 13

In post-World-War-II Czechoslovakia, Freund was assigned by the communist government the task of identifying among military conscripts men who were falsely declaring themselves to be gay.

" Freund ( 1957 ) developed the first device, which measured penile volume changes ... to distinguish heterosexual and homosexual males for the Czechoslovakian army.

" When he escaped Europe for Canada, Freund was able to pursue his research using phallometry for the assessment of sexual offenders.

At that time, attempts to develop methods of changing homosexual men into heterosexual men were being made by many sexologists, including John Bancroft, Albert Ellis, and William Masters of the Masters and Johnson Institute.

Because phallometry showed that such methods were failures, Freund was among the first sexologists to declare that such attempts were unethical.