Page "Philippine Revolution" Paragraph 11

On May 1, 1898, the Battle of Manila Bay took place as part of the Spanish-American War.

On May 24, Aguinaldo, who had returned from voluntary exile on May 19, announced in Cavite, "...

I return to assume command of all the forces for the attainment of our lofty aspirations, establishing a dictatorial government which will set forth decrees under my sole responsibility, ..." On 12 June, Aguinaldo proclaimed Philippine independence On 18 June, Aguinaldo issued a decree proclaiming a Dictatorial Government headed by himself.

On June 23, another decree signed by Aguinaldo was issued, replacing the Dictatorial Government with a Revolutionary Government.

Elections were held by the Revolutionary Government between June and September 10, resulting in Emilio Aguinaldo being seated as President in the seating of a legislature known as the Malolos Congress.

On February 2, 1899, general hostilities broke out between U. S. and Filipino forces, A session between September 15, 1898 and November 13, 1899 adopted the Malolos Constitution — creating the First Philippine Republic, with Aguinaldo as President.

This, on June 12, 1899, promulgated a declaration of war on the U. S., beginning the Philippine-American War.

U. S. forces captured Aguinaldo on March 23, 1901, and he swore allegiance to the U. S. on April 1.

On July 4, 1902, U. S. President Theodore Roosevelt proclaimed a full and complete pardon and amnesty to all people in the Philippine archipelago who had participated in the conflict, effectively ending the war.