Page "Philosophy of science" Paragraph 23

When making observations, scientists look through telescopes, study images on electronic screens, record meter readings, and so on.

Generally, on a basic level, they can agree on what they see, e. g., the thermometer shows 37. 9 C. But, if these scientists have different ideas about the theories that have been developed to explain these basic observations, they can interpret them in different ways.

Ancient scientists interpreted the rising of the Sun in the morning as evidence that the Sun moved.

Later scientists deduce that the Earth is rotating.

For example, if some scientists may conclude that certain observations confirm a specific hypothesis, skeptical colleagues may suspect that something is wrong with the test equipment.

Observations when interpreted by a scientist's theories are said to be theory-laden.