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In 1481 the Papal bull Æterni regis had granted all land south of the Canary Islands to Portugal.

Only this archipelago and the possessions of Santa Cruz de la Mar Pequeña ( 1476 – 1524 ), Melilla ( conquered by Pedro de Estopiñán in 1497 ), Villa Cisneros ( founded in 1502 in current Western Sahara ), Mazalquivir ( 1505 ), Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera ( 1508 ), Oran ( 1509 – 1790 ), Algiers ( 1510 – 1529 ), Bugia ( 1510 – 1554 ), Tripoli ( 1511 – 1551 ), Tunis ( 1535 – 1569 ) and Ceuta ( ceded by Portugal in 1668 ) remained as Spanish territory in Africa.