Page "Policy analysis" Paragraph 36

The approach of Wiktorowicz and Deber is similar to Simon and they assert that the rational model tends to deal with “ the facts ” ( data, probabilities ) in steps 1 to 3, leaving the issue of assessing values to the final step.

According Wiktorowicz and Deber values are introduced in the final step of the rational model, where the utility of each policy option is assessed.