Page "Prisoner in the Vatican" Paragraph 7

According to Jasper Ridley, at the 1867 Congress of Peace in Geneva, Garibaldi referred to " that pestilential institution which is called the Papacy " and proposed giving " the final blow to the monster ".

This was a reflection of the bitterness that had been generated by the struggle against Pope Pius IX in 1849 and 1860, and it was in sharp contrast to the letter that Garibaldi had written to the pope from Montevideo in 1847, before those events.