Page "Punk rock" Paragraph 71

Radio Birdman broke up in June 1978 while touring the UK, where the early unity between bohemian, middle-class punks ( many with art school backgrounds ) and working-class punks had disintegrated.

In contrast to North America, more of the bands from the original British punk movement remained active, sustaining extended careers even as their styles evolved and diverged.

Meanwhile, the Oi!

and anarcho-punk movements were emerging.

Musically in the same aggressive vein as American hardcore, they addressed different constituencies with overlapping but distinct anti-establishment messages.

As described by Dave Laing, " The model for self-proclaimed punk after 1978 derived from the Ramones via the eight-to-the-bar rhythms most characteristic of The Vibrators and Clash.

...

It became essential to sound one particular way to be recognized as a ' punk band ' now.

" In February 1979, former Sex Pistols bassist Sid Vicious died of a heroin overdose in New York.

If the Sex Pistols ' breakup the previous year had marked the end of the original UK punk scene and its promise of cultural transformation, for many the death of Vicious signified that it had been doomed from the start.