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McNamara's staff stressed systems analysis as an aid in decision making on weapon development and many other budget issues.
The secretary believed that the United States could afford any amount needed for national security, but that " this ability does not excuse us from applying strict standards of effectiveness and efficiency to the way we spend our defense dollars ….
You have to make a judgment on how much is enough.
" Acting on these principles, McNamara instituted a much-publicized cost reduction program, which, he reported, saved $ 14 billion in the five-year period beginning in 1961.
Although he had to withstand a storm of criticism from senators and representatives from affected congressional districts, he closed many military bases and installations that he judged unnecessary to national security.
He was equally determined about other cost-saving measures.
But in the end, most of the cost savings were illusionary.
Every base he closed resulted in a new construction project elsewhere to expand another base, relocation of forces projects and other related spending.
The actual cost savings through consolidation of installations was often minimal or in some cases negative.

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