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Ruby is object-oriented: every value is an object, including classes and instances of types that many other languages designate as primitives ( such as integers, booleans, and " null ").

Variables always hold references to objects.

Every function is a method and methods are always called on an object.

Methods defined at the top level scope become members of the Object class.

Since this class is an ancestor of every other class, such methods can be called on any object.

They are also visible in all scopes, effectively serving as " global " procedures.

Ruby supports inheritance with dynamic dispatch, mixins and singleton methods ( belonging to, and defined for, a single instance rather than being defined on the class ).

Though Ruby does not support multiple inheritance, classes can import modules as mixins.