Page "Self-awareness" Paragraph 3

John Locke's chapter XXVII " On Identity and Diversity " in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding ( 1689 ) has been said to be one of the first modern conceptualizations of consciousness as the repeated self-identification of oneself, through which moral responsibility could be attributed to the subject — and therefore punishment and guiltiness justified, as critics such as Nietzsche would point out, affirming "... the psychology of conscience is not ' the voice of God in man '; it is the instinct of cruelty ... expressed, for the first time, as one of the oldest and most indispensable elements in the foundation of culture.

" John Locke does not use the terms self-awareness or self-consciousness though.