Page "Socialism" Paragraph 14

Studies by economists of various political persuasions on the actual functioning of the Soviet economy indicate that it was not actually a planned economy.

Instead of conscious planning, the Soviet economy was based on a process whereby the plan was modified by localized agents and the original plans went largely unfulfilled.

Planning agencies, ministries and enterprises all adapted and bargained with each other during the formulation of the plan as opposed to following a plan passed down from a higher authority, leading some economists to suggest that planning did not actually take place within the Soviet economy and that a better description would be an " administered " or " managed " economy.