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NASA's Space Shuttle program, officially called Space Transportation System ( STS ), was the United States government's manned launch vehicle program from 1981 to 2011.
The winged Space Shuttle orbiter was launched vertically, usually carrying four to seven astronauts ( although eight have been carried ) and up to 50, 000 lb ( 22, 700 kg ) of payload into low Earth orbit ( LEO ).
When its mission was complete, the Shuttle could independently move itself out of orbit using its Maneuvering System ( it oriented itself appropriately and fired its main OMS engines, thus slowing it down ) and re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.
During descent and landing the orbiter acted as a re-entry vehicle and a glider, using its OMS system and flight surfaces to make adjustments.

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