Page "Top-down and bottom-up design" Paragraph 22

According to Psychology notes written by Dr. Charles Ramskov, a Psychology professor at De Anza College, Rock, Neiser, and Gregory claim that top-down approach involves perception that is an active and constructive process.

Additionally, it is an approach not directly given by stimulus input, but is the result of stimulus, internal hypotheses, and expectation interactions.

According to Theoretical Synthesis, " when a stimulus is presented short and clarity is uncertain that gives a vague stimulus, perception becomes a top-down approach.