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The widespread adoption of these authorization-based security strategies ( where the default state is DEFAULT = DENY ) for counterterrorism, anti-fraud, and other purposes is helping accelerate the ongoing transformation of modern societies from a notional Beccarian model of criminal justice based on accountability for deviant actions after they occur, see Cesare Beccaria, On Crimes and Punishment ( 1764 ), to a Foucauldian model based on authorization, preemption, and general social compliance through ubiquitous preventative surveillance and control through system constraints, see Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish ( 1975, Alan Sheridan, tr., 1977, 1995 ).

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