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Even at the height of the Underground Railroad, fewer than 1, 000 slaves from all slave-holding states were able to escape each year ( just over 5, 000 court cases for escaped slaves recorded ), a quantity much smaller than the natural annual increase of the enslaved population.
Although the economic impact was small, the psychological impact on slaveholders of an informal network to assist escaped slaves was immense.
Under the original Fugitive Slave Law of 1793, the responsibility for catching runaway slaves fell on officials of the states from which the slaves came, and the Underground Railroad thrived.

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