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The National War Museum is located within Fort Saint Elmo, a focal point during the Great Siege that rose to prominence once again during World War II.

The Museums Department and the National War Museum Association established the museum, which opened to the public in 1975 ; the museum reopened in 2008 after having been closed for more than a year for refurbishment.

The museum building was originally a powder magazine ; during the Second World War anti-aircraft gun crews trained there.

The Museum highlights Malta ’ s military role in the post-1800 period under British rule, and memorializes especially the suffering and the heroism that characterised Malta during the Second World War.