Page "Xiongnu" Paragraph 34

While the Xiongnu benefited handsomely, from the Chinese perspective marriage treaties were costly, humiliating, and ineffective.

Laoshang showed that he did not take the peace treaty seriously.

On one occasion his scouts penetrated to a point near Chang ' an.

In 166 BC he personally led 140, 000 cavalry to invade Anding, reaching as far as the imperial retreat at Yong.

In 158 BC, his successor sent 30, 000 cavalry to attack the Shang commandery and another 30, 000 to Yunzhong.