Page "Yellow fever" Paragraph 55

Using vector control and strict vaccination programs, the urban cycle of yellow fever was nearly eradicated from South America.

Since 1943 only a single urban outbreak in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia has occurred.

Since the 1980s, the number of yellow fever cases have been increasing again and A. aegypti has returned to the urban centers of South America.

This is partly due to limitations on available insecticides, and partly because the vector control program was simply abandoned.

Even though no new urban cycle has yet been established, it is feared that this could happen again at any point.

An outbreak in Paraguay in 2008 was first feared to be urban in nature, but this ultimately proved not to be the case.