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Conversely, a large elderly generation can be the result of an aging “ baby boom ”, but if that generation had failed to replace its population during its fertile years, the result is a subsequent “ population bust ”, or decrease in population, as that older generation dies off.
This effect has been termed birth dearth.
In addition, if a country's fertility is at replacement level, and has been that way for ( at least ) several decades ( to adjust for changes in age distribution ), then that country's population could still experience coincident growth due to continuously increasing life expectancy, even though the population growth is likely to be smaller than it would be from natural population increase.

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