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The set of all decisions is called the operating policy or, more simply, the policy.
An optimal policy is one which in some sense gets the best out of the process as a whole by maximizing the value of the product.
There are thus three components to an optimal design problem: ( 1 )
The specification of the state of the process stream ; ;
( 2 )
The specification of the operating variables and the transformation they effect ; ;
( 3 )
The specification of the objective function of which the optimization is desired.
For a chemical process the first of these might involve the concentrations of the different chemical species, and the temperature or pressure of the stream.
For the second we might have to choose the volume of reactor or amount of cooling to be supplied ; ;
the way in which the transformation of state depends on the operating variables for the main types of reactors is discussed in the next chapter.
The objective function is some measure of the increase in value of the stream by processing ; ;
it is the subject of Chapter 4.

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