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Page "Æthelred of Mercia" ¶ 18
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Æthelred's and support
It is possible that Æthelred provided support to both Swæfheard and Oswine ; for each king a charter survives in which Æthelred confirms land grants they made in Kent, and Æthelred's invasion of Kent in 676 indicates his opposition to the traditional Kentish royal house.

Æthelred's and for
Because the nickname was first recorded in the 1180s, more than 150 years after Æthelred's death, it is doubtful that it carries any implications for how the king was seen by his contemporaries or near contemporaries.
In 868 Æthelred's brother-in-law, Burgred king of Mercia, appealed to him for help against the Vikings.
Lyfing was unable to go to Rome for his pallium during King Æthelred's reign, for every bishop that was consecrated during the remainder of the king's reign was consecrated by Archbishop Wulfstan of York.
The last Hwiccean ruler to take the title of king was Oshere, who died in 685 ; but from the mid-670s he sought Æthelred's consent for his grants, and Æthelred regarded him as a subking.
Further evidence of Æthelred's involvement among the Hwicce comes from a charter in which he grants land for a minster in Gloucestershire, in Hwiccean territory ; the charter is generally thought to be a fabrication, but it appears to be based on an authentic earlier source.
One version of the regnal lists for Mercia shows a king named Ceolwald reigning after Ceolred, and it is possible that Ceolwald, if he existed, was also a son of Æthelred's.
Due to Æthelred's youth, Ælfthryth served as regent for her son until his coming of age in 984.
She remained an important figure, being responsible for the care of Æthelred's children by his first wife, Ælfgifu.
Æthelred's eldest son, Æthelstan Ætheling, prayed for the soul of the grandmother " who brought me up " in his will in 1014.
The only marriage recorded for Osthryth is that to Æthelred of Mercia, but an earlier marriage to Eanhere would explain why Osric and his brother Oswald are described as Æthelred's nepotes — usually translated as nephews or grandsons, but here probably meaning stepsons.
Wulfstan must have early on garnered the favour of powerful men, particularly Æthelred king of England, for we find him personally drafting all royal law codes promulgated under Æthelred's reign from 1005 to 1016.
In the summer of 1017, Cnut sent for Æthelred's widow, Emma, with the intention of marrying her.
The only marriage recorded for Osthryth is that to Æthelred of Mercia, but an earlier marriage to Eanhere would explain why Osric and his brother Oswald are described as Æthelred's nepotes-usually translated as nephews or grandsons, but here probably meaning stepsons.

Æthelred's and him
Godwin was probably an adherent of Æthelred's eldest son, Æthelstan, who left him an estate when he died in 1014.
She was an ally of her husband's most trusted adviser, the deeply distrusted Eadric Streona, ealdorman of Mercia, and he took her side, but she was opposed by Æthelred's oldest surviving son, Edmund Ironside, and his allies, who naturally regarded him as the heir.
Of other early sources, the life of Oswald of Worcester, attributed to Byrhtferth of Ramsey, adds that Edward was killed by Æthelred's advisers, who attacked him when he was dismounting.
The East Saxons did return to the Mercian orbit over the next few years: a charter of Æthelred's, dated between 693 and 704, shows him granting land to Wealdhere, the bishop of London, and in 704 Æthelred consented to a grant made by Swæfheard.
Æthelred's status is unclear, and this is reflected in the varying titles given to him by different historians.
Modern reconstructions make him a possible descendant of Æthelred's disenfranchised son rather than Alfred the Great, Æthelred's younger brother.

Æthelred's and with
In the view of M. K. Lawson, the intensity of Edmund's struggle against the Danes in 1016 is only matched by Alfred the Great's in 871, and contrasts with Æthelred's failure.
The body was taken to the Shaftesbury Abbey, a nunnery with royal connections which had been endowed by King Alfred the Great and where Edward and Æthelred's grandmother Ælfgifu had spent her latter years.
Æthelred's and Osthryth's interest in Bardney is consistent with this pattern.
Cnut subsequently married Æthelred's widow Emma of Normandy, Edward's mother, and had a son with her, Harthacanute.
It seems significant that the Sermo Lupi specifically mentions Æthelred's exile, recalling it with regret.
Edward was crowned king, at Kingston ; but three years later he was assassinated by one of his half-brother's retainers, with the assistance of Æthelred's stepmother.
Æthelred's biographer, Ryan Lavelle, also questions its extent, arguing that it could not have been carried out in the Danelaw, where the Danes would have been too strong, and that it was probably confined to frontier towns such as Oxford, and larger towns with small Danish communities, such as Bristol, Gloucester and London.

Æthelred's and both
A skaldic tradition describes the bridge's destruction in 1014 by Æthelred's ally Olaf, to divide the Danish forces who held both the walled City of London and Southwark.
However, there were diplomatic marriages between the two kingdoms: Æthelred's sister Cyneburh married Alhfrith, a son of Oswiu of Northumbria, and both Æthelred and his brother Peada married daughters of Oswiu.
Ælfwine, the young subking of Deira, was killed ; Ælfwine was brother to Osthryth and Ecgfrith, and was well liked in both Mercia and Northumbria since Æthelred's marriage to Osthryth.
As Edward and his brother Æthelred were both quite young, they did not directly participate in the struggle, which was led on the one side by Æthelred's mother and on the other by the Archbishop of Canterbury.
It is both remarkable and puzzling that Wulfstan was able to play so central a role in politics under both Æthelred's and Cnut's reigns, especially as it was under Æthelred's reign that Wulfstan, in his Sermo Lupi, so vehemently decried the depredations of the Danish and Norwegian Vikings.

Æthelred's and Canterbury
Æthelred's descendants include the tenth century historian, Æthelweard, and Æthelnoth, an eleventh century Archbishop of Canterbury.
Early in Æthelred's reign, Theodore, the Archbishop of Canterbury, began a substantial reorganization of the church in Mercia.

Æthelred's and Northumbria
In the same year as Æthelred's succession as king, a great Viking army arrived in England, and within five years they had destroyed two of the principal English kingdoms, Northumbria and East Anglia.

Æthelred's and is
The element ræd in unræd is the element in Æthelred's name which means " counsel ".
It is unclear whether this innovation, seemingly drafted by Archbishop Wulfstan II, dates from Æthelred's reign.
Ceolred, who was Æthelred's son ( though apparently not by Osthryth ), became king after Coenred ; it is also possible that Æthelred had another son named Ceolwald who was briefly king before Ceolred.
The earliest Mercian king about whom definite historical information has survived is Penda of Mercia, Æthelred's father.
Penda's queen, Cynewise, is named by Bede, who does not mention her children ; no other wives of Penda are known and so it is likely but not certain that she was Æthelred's mother.
The first recorded act of Æthelred's reign is in 676, when his armies ravaged Kent, destroying Rochester, the seat of the bishops of West Kent.
Cyneburh's marriage to Alhfrith took place in the early 650s, and Peada's marriage, to Ealhflæd, followed shortly afterwards ; Æthelred's marriage, to Osthryth, is of unknown date but must have occurred before 679, since Bede mentions it in describing the Battle of the Trent, which took place that year.
The date of Æthelred's death is not recorded ; though it is known that he was buried at Bardney.

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