Dots and Boxes ( also known as Boxes, Squares, Paddocks, Square-it, Dots and Dashes, Dots, Smart Dots, Dot Boxing, or, simply, the Dot Game ) is a pencil and paper game for two players ( or sometimes, more than two ) first published in 1889 by Édouard Lucas.

To perform its testing, the project relies primarily on Édouard Lucas and Derrick Henry Lehmer's primality test, an algorithm that is both specialized to testing Mersenne primes and particularly efficient on binary computer architectures.

The puzzle was first publicized in the West by the French mathematician Édouard Lucas in 1883.

* Édouard Lucas, ( 1842 – 1891 ) Famous French mathematician, inventor of the Tower of Hanoi puzzle, discovered that 2 < sup > 127 </ sup > − 1 was prime and published 4 large volumes on recreational mathematics.

They are often attributed to Édouard Lucas ( or James Joseph Sylvester ), who used the technique extensively.

The test was originally developed by Édouard Lucas in 1856, and subsequently improved by Lucas in 1878 and Derrick Henry Lehmer in the 1930s.

This was conjectured by Édouard Lucas, but the proof came much later, based on elliptic functions.

* Édouard Lucas

* Tower of Hanoi ( TOH-R ), a puzzle invented in 1883 by the French mathematician Édouard Lucas.

Derrick Henry " Dick " Lehmer ( February 23, 1905 – May 22, 1991 ) was an American mathematician who refined Édouard Lucas ' work in the 1930s and devised the Lucas – Lehmer test for Mersenne primes.

The Lucas numbers or Lucas series are an integer sequence named after the mathematician François Édouard Anatole Lucas ( 1842 – 1891 ), who studied both that sequence and the closely related Fibonacci numbers.

* Édouard Lucas demonstrates that 127 is a Mersenne prime, the largest that will be recorded for seventy-five years.

127 is also an exponent for another Mersenne prime 2 < sup > 127 </ sup >-1 ( 2 < sup > 127 </ sup >-1 was discovered by Édouard Lucas in 1876, and held the record for the largest known prime for 75 years-it is still the largest prime ever discovered by hand calculations ).

# REDIRECT Édouard Lucas

In mathematics, a Lucas chain is a restricted type of addition chain, named for the French mathematician Édouard Lucas.

Lucas sequences are named after the French mathematician Édouard Lucas.

# REDIRECT Édouard Lucas

# REDIRECT Édouard Lucas

# REDIRECT Édouard Lucas

Its main competitors were the Bélinograf by Édouard Belin first, then since the 1930s the Hellschreiber, invented in 1929 by German inventor Rudolf Hell, a pioneer in mechanical image scanning and transmission.

* 1940 – Édouard Branly, French inventor and physicist ( b. 1844 )

After the telephone joined the telegraph as a vehicle for rapid communication, French inventor Édouard Belin developed the Belinograph, or Wirephoto, to transmit photos by telephone.

Around 1900, a fundamentally different solution was created by Charles Édouard Guillaume, inventor of elinvar.

Monet was in Paris for several years and met other young painters who would become friends and fellow impressionists ; among them was Édouard Manet.

Édouard Alexandre de Pomiane, sometimes Édouard Pozerski ( 20 April 1875 – 26 January 1964 ) was a French scientist, radio broadcaster and food writer.

By the later 19th century, history painting was often explicitly rejected by avant-garde movements such as the Impressionists ( except for Édouard Manet ) and the Symbolists, and according to one recent writer " Modernism was to a considerable extent built upon the rejection of History Painting ... All other genres are deemed capable of entering, in one form or another, the ' pantheon ' of modernity considered, but History Painting is excluded ".

* Édouard Manet ( who did not regard himself, nor is he generally considered, as an Impressionist, but who supported the Impressionists and was a great influence on them ), ( 1832 – 1883 )

Another possibility is the first use of the term by Édouard Le Roy, who together with Teilhard was listening to lectures of Vladimir Vernadsky at Sorbonne.

Bartholdi was inspired by French law professor and politician Édouard René de Laboulaye, who commented in 1865 that any monument raised to American independence would properly be a joint project of the French and American peoples.

The opera was first performed in France on 6 December 1856 in Italian by the Théâtre-Italien at the Salle Ventadour in Paris, and on 27 October 1864 in French as Violetta ( an adaptation by Édouard Duprez, older brother of the tenor Gilbert Duprez ) at the Théâtre Lyrique on the Place du Châtelet with Christine Nilsson in the title role.

This was soon refuted by Édouard Balladur and Gérard Longuet, members of the Committee for the reform of local authorities, known as the Balladur Committee.

* In the French film, Les enfants d ' Édouard ( 1914 ), Elizabeth was played by Jeanne Delvair.

The family moved to Paris three months after the birth of Maurice, and there his younger brother Édouard was born.

On July 1924 the monument was inaugurated with a Military and Sports fete presided over by Édouard Daladier, the Minister of the colonies.

The eponym was bestowed by Jean-Martin Charcot ( 1825 – 1893 ) on behalf of his resident, Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette ( 1859 – 1904 ), a French physician and neurologist, who published an account of nine patients with Tourette's in 1885.

Elected in 1862 as chairman of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, he was surrounded by a committee of important painters: Eugène Delacroix, Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, Édouard Manet, Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse and Gustave Doré.

In 1862 he was elected chairman of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts ( National Society of Fine Arts ) with a board which included Eugène Delacroix, Édouard Manet, Gustave Doré and Pierre Puvis de Chavannes.

Matisse was influenced by the works of earlier masters such as Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, Nicolas Poussin, and Antoine Watteau, as well as by modern artists such as Édouard Manet, and by Japanese art.

The change in his art was influenced primarily by the example of Édouard Manet, whom Degas had met in 1864 ( while both were copying the same Velázquez portrait in the Louvre, according to a story that may be apocryphal ).

He was supported by other wealthy anti-Dreyfusards such as Adolphe Clément and Édouard Michelin.

He was recalled for active service in August 1939 by Prime Minister Édouard Daladier and appointed commander-in-chief for the Orient Theatre of Operation.

Through him, Whistler was introduced to the circle of Gustave Courbet, which included Carolus-Duran ( later the teacher of John Singer Sargent ), Alphonse Legros, and Édouard Manet.

Henry III ( 19 September 1551 – 2 August 1589 ; born Alexandre Édouard de France,, ) was King of France from 1574 to 1589.