* Édouard Manet's A Bar at the Folies-Bergère

Many critics and the public ridiculed the refusés, which included such now-famous paintings as Édouard Manet's Luncheon on the Grass ( Le déjeuner sur l ’ herbe ) and James McNeill Whistler's Symphony in White, No. 1: The White Girl.

Édouard Manet's painting The Luncheon on the Grass | Déjeuner sur l ' herbe is referenced in the episode.

* Édouard Manet's painting Olympia is first exhibited, at the Salon ( Paris ), and causes controversy.

As the academic art promoted by the Paris Salon, always more rigid than London, was felt to be stifling French art, alternative exhibitions, now generally known as the Salon des Refusés (" Salon of the Refused ") were held, most famously in 1863, when the government allowed them an annex to the main exhibition for a show that included Édouard Manet's Luncheon on the Grass ( Le déjeuner sur l ’ herbe ) and James McNeill Whistler's Girl in White.

When Édouard Manet's famous Olympia ( 1865 ), a portrait of a nude courtesan, provoked a scandal for its blatant realism, Baudelaire worked privately to support his friend.

Contemporary reviews compared it to Francisco de Goya's La maja desnuda and Édouard Manet's Olympia.

Édouard Manet | Édouard Manet's Olympia ( painting ) | Olympia, 1863.

Curiously, given its overtly erotic content, the painting was intended as an instructive " model " for Giulia Varano, the Duke's extremely young bride. Édouard Manet | Édouard Manet's Olympia ( painting ) | Olympia, 1863

Venus of Urbino inspired Édouard Manet's 1863 Olympia in which the figure of Venus is replaced with the model Victorine Meurent.

Édouard Manet's The Execution of the Emperor Maximilian ( 1867 ) is one of five versions of his representation of the execution of the Mexican monarch

In second place was John Constable's The Hay Wain, Édouard Manet's A Bar at the Folies-Bergère was third, and The Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck was fourth.

* Édouard Manet-The Boy with Cherries ( Museu Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisbon )

The Rose period produced two important large masterpieces: Family of Saltimbanques ( 1905 ), which recalls the work of Gustave Courbet ( 1819 – 1877 ) and Édouard Manet ( 1832 – 1883 ); and Boy Leading a Horse ( 1906 ), which recalls Cezanne's Bather ( 1885 – 1887 ) and El Greco's Saint Martin and the Beggar ( 1597 – 1599 ).

* André Michelin ( 1853-1931 ) and Édouard Michelin ( 1859-1940 ) creators of the group Michelin ( tire ) whose global headquarters is still located in Clermont-Ferrand

127 is also an exponent for another Mersenne prime 2 < sup > 127 </ sup >-1 ( 2 < sup > 127 </ sup >-1 was discovered by Édouard Lucas in 1876, and held the record for the largest known prime for 75 years-it is still the largest prime ever discovered by hand calculations ).

His works as a young artist centered on still life and the human figure, which he rendered in a realist style not unlike the work of Édouard Manet.

* Hans Bauer, Édouard Paul Dhorme, and Charles Virolleaud, decipherers of the Ugaritic alphabet

* March 21 – Édouard Daladier resigns as prime minister of France ; Paul Reynaud succeeds him.

They had a great influence on many artists, notably Édouard Manet, Pierre Bonnard, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Edgar Degas, Paul Gauguin, Félix Vallotton and Mary Cassatt.

In association with Édouard Locroy, Ferdinand Sarrien and Paul Peytral he drew up a republican programme which they put forward in the Petite Republique francaise.

This collection included sixty-eight paintings by various artists: Camille Pissarro ( nineteen ), Claude Monet ( fourteen ), Pierre-Auguste Renoir ( ten ), Alfred Sisley ( nine ), Edgar Degas ( seven ), Paul Cézanne ( five ), and Édouard Manet ( four ).

* 1940 in art-Birth of Mary Ellen Mark, Nancy Graves, Elizabeth Murray, Death of Paul Klee, Édouard Vuillard

* 1863 in art-Birth of Edvard Munch, Paul Signac, Death of Eugène Delacroix, Édouard Manet completes Le déjeuner sur l ' herbe, and Olympia, and exhibits them at the Salon des Refusés to public ridicule and artistic admiration

From 1871 he taught at the Paris Conservatoire, where his pupils included Pierre de Bréville, Guillaume Couture, Gabrielle Ferrari, Gustave Doret, Paul Dukas, Achille Fortier, Xavier Leroux, Albéric Magnard, Édouard Risler, Guy Ropartz, Spyridon Samaras, and Florent Schmitt.

Werther is an opera (' Drame lyrique ') in four acts by Jules Massenet to a French libretto by Édouard Blau, Paul Milliet and Georges Hartmann, based on the German epistolary novel The Sorrows of Young Werther by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, based partly on fact and Goethe's own early life.

Three French cabinent ministers, Édouard Daladier, Georges Monnet and Paul Reynaud c. 1940

Some artists well known for figure painting are Peter Paul Rubens, Edgar Degas, and Édouard Manet.

The cast included Marguerite Gonzategui ( Didon ), Lucy Isnardon ( Cassandre ), Jeanne Laval ( Anna ), Paul Franz ( Énée ), Édouard Rouard ( Chorèbe ), and Armand Narçon ( Narbal ).

Wynn is collector of fine art, and has bought numerous works by artists such as Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, Julian Hatton, Édouard Manet, Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, Andy Warhol, and Johannes Vermeer. Close to the Wizard of Oz by Julian Hatton.

It was held for writers Victor Hugo ( 1885 ), Maurice Barrès ( 1923 ), Paul Valéry ( 1945 ), Colette ( 1954 ) et Aimé Césaire ( 2008 ), Generals Leclerc ( 1947 ), Giraud ( 1949 ) et de Lattre de Tassigny ( 1952 ) and politicians Georges Coulon ( 1912 ), Albert Lebrun ( 1951 ), Léon Blum ( 1951 ) et Édouard Herriot ( 1957 ) An even higher honour is burial in the Panthéon de Paris.

Important political figures such as Konrad Adenauer, Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe, Pierre-Henri Teitgen, François Mitterrand ( both ministers in Robert Schuman's government ), three former French prime ministers, Paul Reynaud, Édouard Daladier, Paul Ramadier, Paul van Zeeland, Albert Coppé and Altiero Spinelli took part.

* Foreign talent: Bill Robinson, Verne Gagne, André the Giant, George Gordienko, Karl Gotch, Lou Thesz, Danny Hodge, Don Leo Jonathan, Bill Miller, Dick the Bruiser, Crusher Lisowski, Mad Dog Vachon, Nick Bockwinkel, Ray Stevens, Baron Von Raschke, Horst Hofmann, Édouard Carpentier, Peter Maivia, Ivan Koloff, Larry Hennig, Blackjack Lanza, Blackjack Mulligan, " Superstar " Billy Graham, Wahoo McDaniel, Red Bastien, Minnesota Wrecking Crew, Bill Watts, Dusty Rhodes, Dick Murdoch, Ox Baker, Wild Angus, Killer Tor Kamata, Gypsy Joe, Alexis Smirnoff, Mongolian Stomper, Killer Brooks, Jos LeDuc, Sailor White, Big John Quinn, Kurt Von Hess, Professor Tanaka, Dean Ho, Wild Samoans, Jake Roberts, Big Daddy Ritter, David Schultz, Dynamite Kid, Mike George, Bob Sweetan, Johnny Powers, Killer Karl Krupp, Ron Bass, Ray Candy, Paul Ellering, Steve Olsonoski

In 1906, with his father Édouard near death and his businesses falling apart, Paul and his brother and five step-siblings formed a company, Otlet Frères (" Brothers Otlet ") to try to manage these businesses, which included mines and railways.

During the 1920s, he assembled an extensive collection including masterpieces by Vincent Van Gogh ( Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear ) or ( Peach Blossom in the Crau ) previously owned by Anna Boch, Édouard Manet ( A Bar at the Folies-Bergère ), Paul Cézanne ( Montagne Sainte-Victoire ) and Pierre-Auguste Renoir ( La Loge ).

At the Académie, he met painters and future Nabi members including Paul Sérusier, Pierre Bonnard ; through Bonnard he also met the future Nabis Édouard Vuillard and Ker-Xavier Roussel.

In the years that followed new knights were admitted including in 1853 admiral Ferdinand-Alphonse Hamelin and admiral Louis Édouard Bouët-Willaumez ; in 1863 comte Louis François du Mesnil de Maricourt ( d. 1865 ), comte Paul de Poudenx ( d. 1894 ); in 1865 the Order admitted comte Jules Marie d ' Anselme de Puisaye who was followed in 1875 by the vicomte de Boisbaudry ; baron Yves de Constancin in 1896, who was later to become commander of the Hospitaller Nobles of Saint Lazarus, a knight of the Order of Isabella the Catholic and of Order of Saint Anna of Russia.

The best man was Paul Reynaud, the French minister of finance and later French prime minister ; the banker also was a close friend of prime minister Édouard Daladier.

She owned numerous pieces including those by James McNeill Whistler, Pierre Auguste Renoir, Gustave Courbet, Maurice Prendergast, Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, Honoré Daumier, Joshua Reynolds, Claude Monet, Henri Rousseau, Jan Provost, Édouard Manet, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Paul Cézanne, Henri Matisse, and Alfred Sisley.

The museum's Maurice Wertheim Collection is a notable group of impressionist and post-impressionist works that contains many famous masterpieces, including paintings and sculptures by Paul Cézanne, Edgar Degas, Édouard Manet, Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, and Vincent van Gogh.

By the later 19th century, history painting was often explicitly rejected by avant-garde movements such as the Impressionists ( except for Édouard Manet ) and the Symbolists, and according to one recent writer " Modernism was to a considerable extent built upon the rejection of History Painting ... All other genres are deemed capable of entering, in one form or another, the ' pantheon ' of modernity considered, but History Painting is excluded ".

Claude Monet, Édouard Manet, Charles-François Daubigny, Max Liebermann, James Abbott McNeill Whistler, Gustave Courbet, and in the Netherlands, Jacobus van Looy and Isaac Israëls are some of the Impressionists and realists who have delved deeply into the work of Hals by making study copies of his work and further building on his techniques and style.

The Roche lobe, Roche limit and Roche sphere are named after the French astronomer Édouard Roche.

They are often attributed to Édouard Lucas ( or James Joseph Sylvester ), who used the technique extensively.

Le roi d ' Ys, an opera by the French composer Édouard Lalo which premiered in 1888, transforms the story significantly, replacing the figure of Dahut with Margared, whose motive for opening the gates ( with the aid of her own betrothed Karnac ) is her jealousy at Rozenn's marriage to Mylio ( characters who are also inventions of Lalo ).

The Lucas numbers or Lucas series are an integer sequence named after the mathematician François Édouard Anatole Lucas ( 1842 – 1891 ), who studied both that sequence and the closely related Fibonacci numbers.

Lucas sequences are named after the French mathematician Édouard Lucas.

Famous dance companies are Les Ballets Jazz de Montréal, Les Grands Ballets Canadiens and the La La La Human Steps modern dance troupe of choreographer Édouard Lock.

Four men — the mime Baptiste Debureau ( Jean-Louis Barrault ), the actor Frédérick Lemaître ( Pierre Brasseur ), the thief Pierre François Lacenaire ( Marcel Herrand ), and the aristocrat Édouard de Montray ( Louis Salou ) — are in love with Garance, and their intrigues drive the story forward.

There are in examples in museums in many parts of Europe, but there are especially good holdings of decorated batons, mostly from the excavations of Magdalenian sites by Henry Christy and Édouard Lartet, in the Musée d ' Archéologie Nationale, British Museum and Muséum de Toulouse.

The Pell-Lucas numbers are also named after Édouard Lucas, who studied sequences defined by recurrences of this type ; the Pell and companion Pell numbers are Lucas sequences.

He amassed the greatest collection of Neuroptera and Orthoptera in the world incorporating the collections of Pierre André Latreille, Jules Pièrre Rambur, Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville, and Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville and wrote over 250 papers some of which are masterworks.

Less scrutinized for its erotic emphasis are the collaborations Pichard did with science-fiction author Jean-Pierre Andrevon, La Reserve and Édouard from 1974 and Ceux – là from 1977, published in Charlie Mensuel.

From the latter are representatives of the Romantic period ( Eugène Delacroix ), the Barbizon school ( Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Gustave Courbet ) and Impressionism ( Édouard Manet, Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec ).