We are not certain that the word " democracy " was extant when systems that came to be called democratic were first instituted, but around 460 BC an individual is known whose parents had decided to name him ' Democrates ', a name which may have been manufactured as a gesture of democratic loyalty ; the name can also be found in Aeolian Temnus, not a particularly democratic state.

A good example of the contempt the first democrats felt for those who did not participate in politics can be found in the modern word ' idiot ', which finds its origins in the ancient Greek word, idiōtēs, meaning a private person, a person who is not actively interested in politics ; such characters were talked about with contempt, and the word eventually acquired its modern meaning.

Plancius called the constellation " Paradysvogel Apis Indica "; the first word is Dutch for ' bird of paradise ', but the others are Latin for " Indian Bee "; " apis " ( Latin for " bee ") is presumably an error for " avis " or " bird ".

However, when, under manager Jack Kirwan, the club got promoted to the top flight of Dutch football for the first time in 1911 ( then the Eerste Klasse or ' First Class ', later named the Eredivisie ), Ajax were forced to change their colours because Sparta Rotterdam already had exactly the same outfit.

One well-known association the town has is with the ' Accrington Pals ', the nickname given to the smallest home town battalion of volunteers formed to fight in the first world war.

Toward the latter half of the 17th century, Louis XIV founded his ' Académie Royale de Musique et de Danse ', where specific rules for the execution of every dance and the " five positions " of the feet were formulated for the first time by members of the Académie.

This is a euphemism replacing an earlier ' Inhospitable Sea ', Pontos Axeinos, first attested in Pindar ( early fifth century BCE ,~ 475 BC ).

* baio-warioz: the first component is most plausibly explained as a Germanic version of Boii ; the second part is a common formational morpheme of Germanic tribal names, meaning ' dwellers ', as in Anglo-Saxon-ware ); this combination " Boii-dwellers " may have meant " those who dwell where the Boii formerly dwelt ".

In Wyndham Lewis's The Wild Body ( 1927 ) the protagonist, Ker-Orr, in the first story, ' A Soldier of Humour ', takes the train from Paris and stays in the town of Bayonne before passing through into Spain.

The Analects stress the importance of ritual, but also the importance of ' ren ', which loosely translates as ' human-heartedness, Confucianism, along with Legalism, is responsible for creating the world ’ s first meritocracy, which holds that one's status should be determined by education and character rather than ancestry, wealth, or friendship.

In a final, production quality rendering of a ray traced work, multiple rays are generally shot for each pixel, and traced not just to the first object of intersection, but rather, through a number of sequential ' bounces ', using the known laws of optics such as " angle of incidence equals angle of reflection " and more advanced laws that deal with refraction and surface roughness.

Twenty-six cartridges, termed ' Videocarts ', were officially released to consumers during the ownership of Fairchild and Zircon, the first twenty-one of which were released by Fairchild.

Although noting in the introduction to ' The Protestors ' that ' Some recorded herein perhaps did not have " all the truth " — so the writer has been reminded ', Eyre nevertheless claimed that the purpose of the work was to ' tell how a number of little-known individuals, groups and religious communities strove to preserve or revive the original Christianity of apostolic times ', and that ' In faith and outlook they were far closer to the early springing shoots of first century Christianity and the penetrating spiritual challenge of Jesus himself than much that has passed for the religion of the Nazarene in the last nineteen centuries '.

The effects of diffraction of light were first carefully observed and characterized by Francesco Maria Grimaldi, who also coined the term diffraction, from the Latin diffringere, ' to break into pieces ', referring to light breaking up into different directions.

After retiring from the army he had established a business training horses first in Cheshire and then at ' The Mount ', near Rugby.

The couple had at first exchanged letters, which Beatty signed ' Jack ', as Ethel was still a married woman and discretion was advised.

The electrical telegraph, or more commonly just ' telegraph ', superseded optical semaphore telegraph systems, such as those designed by Claude Chappe for the French military, and Friedrich Clemens Gerke for the Prussian military, thus becoming the first form of electrical telecommunications.

Although first attested in the sense ' sharp pain caused by elves ', it is later attested denoting Neolithic flint arrow-heads, which by the 17th century seem to have been attributed in the region to elvish folk, and which were used in healing rituals, and alleged to be used by witches ( and perhaps elves ) to injure people and cattle.

In the 19th century Jacob Burckhardt viewed Eusebius as ' a liar ', the “ first thoroughly dishonest historian of antiquity .” Ramsay MacMullen in the 20th century regarded Eusebius's work as representative of early Christian historical accounts in which “ Hostile writings and discarded views were not recopied or passed on, or they were actively suppressed ..., matters discreditable to the faith were to be consigned to silence .” As a consequence this kind of methodology in MacMullens view has distorted modern attempts, ( e. g. Harnack, Nock, and Brady ), to describe how the Church grew in the early centuries.

The day following the Terminalia ( February 23 ) was doubled, forming the " bis sextum "— literally ' double sixth ', since February 24 was ' the sixth day before the Kalends of March ' using Roman inclusive counting ( March 1 was the ' first day ').

The first, the ' little tin idol ', was used from the inception of the Cup in 1871 – 72 until it was stolen from a Birmingham shoe shop window belonging to William Shillcock while held by Aston Villa on 11 September 1895, and was never seen again.

In the first week of July 1937 Orwell arrived back at Wallington ; on 13 July 1937 a deposition was presented to the Tribunal for Espionage & High Treason, Valencia, charging the Orwells with ' rabid Trotskyism ', and being agents of the POUM.

* 1942 September – A small group of Gibraltarians, who remained in the town serving in the British Army, joined a mechanic official, Albert Risso, to create ' The Gibraltarians Association ', the starting point of what became the Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights ( officially established in December that year ), the first political party in Gibraltar.

Thus, the first East Slavic state, Kievan Rus ', emerged in the 9th century along the Dnieper River valley.

One episode, ' Split ', was even named after the use of the effect.

The episode was called ' Major Effects ', and was aired to coincide with the release of Disney's ' The Black Hole ' in 1979.

Other major antagonists of the show include Caesar and Alti, a Roman official, and Shamaness respectively ; Caesar's first appearance was in the second season episode ' Destiny ', he's first introduced as a young Roman patrician.

His middle initial, ' P ', was added at the start of the second season, and only one episode ( the third season's " Mrs. Rosco P. Coltrane ", in which he is subject to a scam marriage ) revealed his middle name, ' Purvis '.

The neck pinch itself ( referred to in scripts as ' FSNP ', or ' Famous Spock Neck Pinch ') was created by Leonard Nimoy, who objected to a scene in one early episode that required Spock to knock a guard unconscious by hitting him over the head.

In one MacGyver episode ' Slow Death ', MacGyver assists the Indian tribesmen by improvising a polygraph to weed out the crooked doctor.

An entire set of scenes in the seventh season episode " Lower Decks " cuts between the ' senior officers ' poker game and the ' junior officers ' poker game played by characters not seen in other episodes, before resulting in the junior officers being cleaned out by a civilian known only as ' Ben ', who then joins the senior officers game.

* In an episode of Southland titled ' The Winds ', the Santa Ana Winds are mentioned multiple times and play a key role throughout the episode.

In the episode ' Habadadery ', Brian comes down with a bout of illness, meaning that Alan has to look after him.

* An episode of Chris Morris's spoof news program The Day Today featured a segment called ' The Pool ', a documentary about " St. Lamb's Pool in Acton ".

A 2012 TV episode, ' Sins and Secrets: Newry ', told the story of a series of murders that happened at a local B & B in 2003.

The original recording of " Lovin ', Touchin ', Squeezin '" appeared in the pilot episode of Glee and was used and recorded by the cast of Glee for a mash-up with " Any Way You Want It " for the first season finale.

* In part two of the South Park season 10 episode ' Imaginationland ', a Jiang Shi can be seen in the background as one of the evil imaginary characters.

A three-part episode, ' Homecoming ', ' The Circle ', and ' The Siege ', featured a story arc about the Provisional Government and its inability to resolve an explosive political revolution.

* In the Yes, Prime Minister episode ' The Patron of the Arts ', two of Sheridan's plays are named as ones the prime minister could not see: ' The Rivals ', " there were too many cabinet ministers after his job ", and ' The School for Scandal ', " well, not after the education secretary had been found in bed with a married primary school headmistress ".

* In the Blackadder III episode ' Amy and Amiability ', Blackadder, dressed in a black mask and cape, is asked if he intends to become a highwayman and replies sarcastically " No, I'm auditioning for the part of Arnold the Bat in Sheridan's new comedy.

For the fiftieth episode of Sky at Night, broadcast September 1961, Moore became the first person ever to show a live broadcast of a direct telescope view of a planet ; the result was another unintended ' comedy episode ', as cloud obscured all view of outer space.

* At the end of the episode ' Revenge of the Ghostmaster ' from ' The Real Ghostbusters ', Ray, Egon and Slimer use a relatively simple Rube Goldberg Machine to trap the Ghostmaster from over forty feet away.