Major advances in the decoding were: recognition that the stone offered three versions of the same text ( 1799 ); that the demotic text used phonetic characters to spell foreign names ( 1802 ); that the hieroglyphic text did so as well, and had pervasive similarities to the demotic ( Thomas Young, 1814 ); and that, in addition to being used for foreign names, phonetic characters were also used to spell native Egyptian words ( Champollion, 1822 – 1824 ).

Others include Frédéric Chopin's Variations on " Là ci darem la mano " from Don Giovanni ( 1827 ); Max Reger's Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Mozart ( 1914 ), based on the variation theme in the piano sonata K. 331 ; Fernando Sor's Introduction and Variations on a Theme by Mozart ( 1821 ); and Mikhail Glinka's Variations on a Theme from Mozart's Opera Die Zauberflöte in E ♭ major ( 1822 ).

* Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte ( 1822 – 1891 ); was a close advisor to his cousin, Napoleon III of France ; and, in particular, was seen as a leading advocate of French intervention in Italy and of the Italian nationalists.

* Zénaïde Laetitia Julie Bonaparte ( 8 July 1801 – 1854 ); married, in 1822, Charles Lucien Bonaparte.

* Catherine Charlotte ( 1822 – 1890 ); married Col. Zebulon Howell Benton of Jefferson County, New York, and had issue.

There was an earlier incorporated town of Clinton in Matthews County ( now Davie County ); however, the town folded in 1822.

* Grattan's Speeches ( ed by H. Grattan, junr., 1822 );

See also F Hardy, Memoirs of Lord Charlemont ( London, 1812 ); Warden Flood, Memoirs of Henry Flood ( London, 1838 ); Francis Plowden, Historical Review of the State of Ireland ( London, 1803 ); Alfred Webb, Compendium of Irish Biography ( Dublin, 1878 ); Sir Jonah Barrington, Rise and Fall of the Irish Nation ( London, 1833 ); WJ O ' Neill Daunt, Ireland and her Agitators ; Lord Mountmorres, History of the Irish Parliament ( 2 vole., London, 1792 ); Horace Walpole, Memoirs of the Reign of George III ( 4 vols., London, 1845 and 1894 ); Lord Stanhope, Life of William Pitt ( 4 vols., London, 1861 ); Thomas Davis, Life of JP Curran ( Dublin, 1846 ) this contains a memoir of Grattan by DO Madden, and Grattan's reply to Lord Clare on the question of the Union ; Charles Phillips, Recollections of Curran and some of his Contemporaries ( London, 1822 ); JA Froude, The English in Ireland ( London, 1881 ); JG McCarthy, Henry Grattan: an Historical Study ( London, 1886 ); Lord Mahon's History of England, vol.

Other works include: De Pentateuchi Samaritana origine, indole, et auctoritate ( 1815 ), supplemented in 1822 and 1824 by the treatise De Samaritanorum theologia, and by an edition of Carmina Samaritana ; Paläographische Studien über phönizische u. punische Schrift ( 1835 ), a pioneering work which he followed up in 1837 by his collection of Phoenician monuments ( Scripturae linguaeque Phoeniciae monumenta quotquot supersunt ); an Aramaic lexicon ( 1834 – 1839 ); and a treatise on the Old South Arabian language, then called Himyarite, written in conjunction with Rödiger in 1841.

Western Ghats streams are home to several brilliantly coloured ornamental fishes like Red line torpedo barb, Red-tailed barb, Osteobrama bakeri, Günther's catfish and freshwater puffer fish Tetraodon travancoricus, Carinotetraodon imitator and marine forms like Chelonodon patoca ( Buchanan-Hamilton, 1822 ); mahseers such as Malabar mahseer.

* Photii lexicon ( Dobree, 1822 );

Iodoform was first prepared by Georges Serrulas in 1822 ; and at much the same time independently by John Thomas Cooper.

However, up to the 1940s, many subsequent designs ( including Charles Babbage's machines of the 1822 and even ENIAC of 1945 ) were based on the decimal system ; ENIAC's ring counters emulated the operation of the digit wheels of a mechanical adding machine.

During their lifetime Robert and James Adam published two volumes of their designs, Works in Architecture of Robert and James Adam ( in 1773-1778 and 1779 ; a third volume was published posthumously, in 1822 ).

Here it flows under the Five Arches bridge ( which was built in 1781 as part of the designs for Foots Cray Meadows drawn up by Capability Brown ) and past Loring Hall ( c. 1760 ), once the home of Lord Castlereagh, who committed suicide there in 1822.

* During their lifetime Robert and James Adam published two volumes of their designs, Works in Architecture of Robert and James Adam ( in 1773 – 1778 and 1779 ; a third volume was published posthumously, in 1822 ).

Chantilly was entirely rebuilt in 1875 – 1881 by Henri d ' Orléans, duc d ' Aumale ( 1822 – 1897 ) to the designs of Honore Daumet.

At the age of fourteen he began working as an architectural and topographical draughtsman ; afterwards he contributed designs to be engraved in the annuals then so popular ; thence he progressed into water-colour painting, becoming an associate of the Royal Watercolour Society in 1822, and a full member in 1833.

Antonio Canova (; 1 November 1757 – 13 October 1822 ) was an Italian sculptor from the Republic of Venice who became famous for his marble sculptures that delicately rendered nude flesh.

In May 1822 he paid a visit to Naples, to superintend the construction of wax moulds for an equestrian statue of the perjured Bourbon king Ferdinand VII.

In 1802 a Buildings Committee was set up to plan for expansion of the museum, and further highlighted by the donation in 1822 of the King's Library, personal library of King George III's, comprising 65, 000 volumes, 19, 000 pamphlets, maps, charts and topographical drawing.

The Cretaceous as a separate period was first defined by a Belgian geologist Jean d ' Omalius d ' Halloy in 1822, using strata in the Paris Basin and named for the extensive beds of chalk ( calcium carbonate deposited by the shells of marine invertebrates, principally coccoliths ), found in the upper Cretaceous of western Europe.

In 1819 Edward D. Clarke and in 1822 René Juste Haüy described fluorescence in fluorites, Sir David Brewster described the phenomenon for chlorophyll in 1833 and Sir John Herschel did the same for quinine in 1845.

After this he returned to Bologna, but an invitation from Prince Metternich to come to Verona and " assist in the general re-establishment of harmony " was too tempting to refuse, and he arrived at the Congress in time for its opening on October 20, 1822.

Scott's " staging " of the royal Visit of King George IV to Scotland in 1822 and the king's wearing of tartan, resulted in a massive upsurge in demand for kilts and tartans that could not be met by the Scottish linen industry.

In 1822, Astor established the Astor House on Mackinac Island as headquarters for the reorganized American Fur Company, making the island a metropolis of the fur trade.

" In 1822 Polk resigned his position as clerk to run his successful campaign for the Tennessee state legislature in 1823, in which he defeated incumbent William Yancey, becoming the new representative of Maury County.

He first entered parliament in 1819 as Whig member for Peterborough, representing that constituency with a short break ( 1822 – 1823 ) till 1830, when he was elected for the borough of Malton.

In 1822 this volume appeared in a second edition ( really a new work, for, as Grimm himself says in the preface, it cost him little reflection to mow down the first crop to the ground ).

Thomas Young's work is acknowledged in Champollion's 1822 Lettre à M. Dacier, but incompletely, according to British critics: for example, James Browne, a sub-editor on the Encyclopædia Britannica ( which had published Young's 1819 article ), contributed anonymously a series of review articles to the Edinburgh Review in 1823, praising Young's work highly and alleging that the " unscrupulous " Champollion plagiarised it.

Joseph Jenkins Roberts, born in Virginia, was the first president of Liberia, which was founded in 1822 for freed American slaves.

In 1822, Britain repealed the death penalty for over 100 crimes, and punishments such as drawing and quartering and flagellation fell out of use.

* June 3 – Gaspar de Portolà and Father Junípero Serra establish Monterey, the presidio of Alta California territory for Spain from 1777 – 1822, United Mexican States 1824 – 1846, until the California Republic.

In 1907 Philadelphia Quaker Anna T. Jeanes ( 1822 – 1907 ) donated one million dollars to Washington for elementary schools for black children in the South.

For example, the scandalous novel Vicaire des Ardennes ( 1822 ) – banned for its depiction of nearly-incestuous relations and, more egregiously, of a married priest – was attributed to a ' Horace de Saint-Aubin '.

Independence was short-lived, for the conservative leaders in Guatemala welcomed annexation by the First Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide on 5 January 1822.

In 1822, the Mauritshuis was opened for the public and housed the Royal Cabinet of Paintings and the Royal Cabinet of Rarities.

When these provinces joined the First Mexican Empire in early 1822, El Salvador resisted, insisting on autonomy for the new Central American countries.

Also the gubernatorial election was moved from April to November, but Clinton was not renominated by his party to run for re-election in November 1822.

In 1822 Ecuadorian troops, alongside other rebel forces, scored a decisive victory over the Spanish royalist army at the Battle of Pichincha.

It was 20 years, however, before the decipherment of the Egyptian texts was announced by Jean-François Champollion in Paris in 1822 ; it took longer still before scholars were able to read other Ancient Egyptian inscriptions and literature confidently.

Kate Larson records the year 1822, based on a midwife payment and several other historical documents, including her runaway advertisement while Jean Humez says " the best current evidence suggests that Tubman was born in 1820, but it might have been a year or two later.

In addition to his 1801 work, he wrote various other historical works, among which are Ueberlieferungen zur Geschichte unserer Zeit ( Contributions to the History of Our Time, 1811 – 27 ) and Des Schweizerlandes Geschichte für das Schweizervolk ( History of Switzerland for the Swiss People, 1822, 8th ed.

In the summer of 1822, after realizing there were enough settlers in the area, Conner and other settlers applied to the Indiana Legislature for a charter authorizing them to become a separate and independent county under Indiana law.

Previous discoveries of photosensitive methods and substances — including silver nitrate by Albertus Magnus in the 13th century, a silver and chalk mixture by Johann Heinrich Schulze in 1724, and Joseph Niépce's bitumen-based heliography in 1822 — contributed to development of the daguerreotype and the other silver based photographic processes that followed-collodion wet plate, and silver gelatin.

Sparta also received territory from other towns: Dansville ( in Steuben County ) ( 1822 ) and Groveland ( 1856 ).

Afterwards, the town was substantially reduced in size by the formation of other towns, including Reading ( 1806 ), Orange ( 1813 ) and Barrington, and Tyrone ( 1822 ).

In 1822 Bell's Life reported on a contest on 30 June between eight watermen belonging to the Temple Stairs for " a prize wherry given by the gentlemen of the Inns of Court " and on 31 July " the anniversary of the Grand Aquatic Regatta of the inhabitants of Queenhithe ", when " a handsome Wherry " and other prizes were contended for by " six of the free watermen belonging to those stairs ".

Santa Anna publicly announced his opposition to Iturbide in December 1822 with the support of Colonel José Antonio Echavarri and other military officers.

It was the marriage place ( May 7, 1788 ) and burial place ( 1822 ) of Sir William Herschel ( in whose memory there stands a newly erected stained-glass window depicting Uranus, which he discovered, and other planets ), and the burial place of Charles Hatchett who discovered niobium.

During his governorship, Raffles introduced partial self-government, stopped the slave trade, became an early opponent of the Opium trade by placing strict limitations upon its importation ( much to the dismay of Calcutta ), led an expedition to rediscover and restore Borobudur and other ancient monuments, and replaced the Dutch forced agriculture system with a land tenure system of land management, probably influenced by the earlier writings of Dirk van Hogendorp ( 1761 – 1822 ).

After the Woffington affair and a number of other botched love affairs, Garrick met Eva Marie Veigel ( 1724 – 1822 ), a German dancer in opera choruses who emigrated to London in 1746.

Since there was very much contact between Portugal and its colonies, particularly Brazil ( between 1804 and 1822 the Portuguese court resided in Rio de Janeiro since the king had fled from Portugal after Napoleon's invasion ), it is not strange that Portuguese fado has some roots in Afro-Brazilian slave dances and also Spanish and Portuguese songs ; like Fandango, Semba, Lundu and Modinha and on the other ( notice that these roots are similar to those of the Samba ).

He was briefly dismissed from this position in 1822, with ten other professors, suspected of political liberalism, but reinstated as an honorary professor shortly thereafter.

Among his other works are his edition of Hariri ( 1822 ), with a selected Arabic commentary, and of the Alfiya ( 1833 ), and his Calila et Dimna ( 1816 ), the Arabic version of that famous collection of Buddhist animal tales which has been in various forms one of the most popular books of the world.

In addition to Otto Wilhelm von Struve, other children were Heinrich Vasilyevich Struve ( 1822 – 1908 ), a prominent chemist, and Bernhard Vasilyevich Struve ( 1827 – 1889 ), who served as a government official in Siberia and later as governor of Astrakhan and Perm.

Having admitted his sons Francis ( 1745 – 1822 ) and Charles ( 1754 – 1831 ) into partnership he undertook for the " New Conger " Association the issue of a standard edition of the works of Shakespeare, Milton, Locke and other British classics ; also Cruden's Concordance.

His other works include the long poem The Queen's Wake ( 1813 ), his collection of songs Jacobite Reliques ( 1819 ), and his two novels The Three Perils of Man ( 1822 ), and The Three Perils of Woman ( 1823 ).

José Bonifácio de Andrada, along with other Brazilian leaders, convinced Pedro to declare Brazil's independence from Portugal on 7 September 1822.

She was especially influenced by Reverend Joseph Emerson, whose ' Discourse on Female Education ' ( 1822 ) advocated that women should be trained to be teachers rather than " to please the other sex.

other events of 1822,

In 1822, Ferdinand VII applied the terms of the Congress of Vienna, lobbied for the assistance of the other absolute monarchs of Europe, in the process joining the Holy Alliance formed by Russia, Prussia, Austria and France to restore absolutism.

In 1822 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society, and contributed papers to the Transactions in 1829 on the friction of metals and other substances.