Before the 1911 reform, the multiplication of saints ' festivals, with practically the same festal psalms, tended to repeat the about one-third of the Psalter, with a correspondingly rare recital of the remaining two-thirds.

Before the war, trade reform and price liberalization were the most successful part of the country's structural adjustment program under IMF sponsorship.

Before the Revolution, despite supporting political reform ( including Bolsheviks elected to the Duma, when opportune ), Lenin proposed that capitalism could ultimately only be overthrown with revolution, not with gradual reforms — from within ( Fabianism ) and from without ( social democracy ) — which would fail, because the ruling capitalist social class, who hold economic power ( the means of production ), determine the nature of political power in a bourgeois society.

Before the revolution, state penetration of the rural areas was limited by the power of local notables, but under Nasser, land reform reduced their socioeconomic dominance, and the incorporation of peasants into cooperatives transferred mass dependence from landlords to government.

Before the reform of Pope Pius XII, only the priest received Communion in the framework of what was called the " Mass of the Presanctified ", which included the usual Offertory prayers, with the placing of wine in the chalice, but which omitted the Canon of the Mass.

Before, the island was divided into two municipalities, that became municipal units at the reform:

Before the municipal reform of 1952 there were ten entities in the area.

Before the subdivision reform of 1952 there were seven entities in the area.

Before the 2011 district reform, it was the largest district of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, but very sparsely populated.

Before this reform, article 49, 3 was frequently used, especially when the government had short majority in the Assemblée nationale to support the text but still enough to avoid a non-confidence vote ).

Before reform, Senator John McCain prominently opposed the UFC.

Before the end of January 1950, the GWU and the People's Committee were holding joint public meetings and discussing issues such as devaluation, labour legislation, the proposed West Indies Federation, and constitutional reform.

Before the reform of the rite by Pope Pius XII, the blessing of the palms occurred inside the church within a service that followed the general outline of a Mass, with Collect, Epistle and Gospel, as far as the Sanctus.

Before the 1906 spelling reform ⟨ q ⟩ and ⟨ w ⟩ were common, and many family names still use them.

Before the reform era, aspects of Chinese society also contributed to shaping the contemporary structure for maintaining public order.

Before the First Sino Japanese War, China engaged in technological modernization only, buying modern weapons, ships, artillery, and building modern arsenals to produce these weapons, and only giving their soldiers modern weapons without institutional reform, and while refusing to reform the government or civil society according to western standards, unlike Japan, who adopted western style government with a Parliament and completely reoganized the army on western lines.

Before the state degenerated in the thirties, Leon Trotsky and the Left Opposition had the programmatic demand to " reform " the " bureaucratically deformed " state by revitalising the Soviets and bringing more democracy to the party.

Before the reform to the Calendar of Saints, the memorial to St Julian was on January 27.

Before parliamentary reform in 1832, freedom of the city or town conferred the right to vote in the ' parliamentary boroughs ' for the MPs.

Before the reform the municipality was part of Viborg County.

Before the state degenerated in the thirties, Leon Trotsky and the Left Opposition had the programmatic demand to " reform " the " bureaucratically deformed " state by revitalising the Soviets and bringing more democracy to the party.

Before Berlin's 2001 administrative reform, the area of Tempelhof, together with the localities of Mariendorf, Marienfelde, and Lichtenrade, constituted a borough of its own, also called Tempelhof.

Before the Kallikratis reform, the regional units ( except Thasos, which was part of Kavala ) were administered as separate prefectures.

Before his death, he was absolved from the excommunication ; moreover, the Pope also promised that the King of Hungary and his relatives would not be excommunicated without the special permission of the Pope.

Before Pope Boniface's answer ( which has been lost ) was given, Columbanus was outside the jurisdiction of the Frankish bishops.

Before his election as Pope, he served as Bishop of Caere, which made his election controversial, because, at this stage of history, a bishop was expected never to leave office to move to another see.

Before his accession as Pope he had been Cardinal-Priest of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme.

Before Michele Ghislieri could return to his episcopate, Pope Pius IV died.

Before his elevation to the papacy, Sinibaldo was Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church ( 1226 – 27 ), being created Cardinal Priest of San Lorenzo in Lucina on 18 September 1227 by Pope Gregory IX, later serving as governor of the March of Ancona from 1235 until 1240.

Before becoming Pope, he spent time at the then very liberal and cosmopolitan University of Padua, which maintained considerable independence from the Church and had a very international character.

Before the abolition of the Italian monarchy in 1946, it was the residence of the king of Italy, and before 1871 it was, as originally, a residence of the Pope.

Before his death, however, Patriarch Sergius I of Constantinople had drawn up the Ecthesis in response to the orthodox synodical letter of Sophronius, the Patriarch of Jerusalem, and on learning of the death of Pope Honorius had convinced the Emperor to issue this document as an imperial edict in December 638, thus valid across the entire empire.

Before all other heads of State, Pope Benedict XV in October 1918 congratulated the Polish people on their independence.

Before all other heads of State, Pope Benedict XV in October 1918 congratulated the Polish people to their independence.

Before his sudden death, Stefan Dušan tried to organize a Crusade with the Pope against the threatening Turks.

Before the coronation of Pope Paul VI, coronations had fallen into disuse even in western countries that had kept a monarchical form of government, with the exception of the British monarchy ( see Coronations in Europe ).

Before the dawn of the third day, the Pope, exhausted by grief and the long vigil he had kept, dozed off.

Before he could be ordained, he was replaced in December by Dagobert of Pisa, whom Pope Paschal II had appointed legate.

Before him, there were three bishops / Metropolitans who became Popes of Alexandria: Pope John XIX ( 1928 – 1942 ), Pope Macarius III ( 1942 – 1944 ) and Pope Yousab II ( 1946-1956 ).

Before his sudden death, Stefan Dušan tried to organize a Crusade with the Pope against the threatening Turks.

Before the Second Vatican Council, Rahner had worked alongside Yves Congar, Henri de Lubac and Marie-Dominique Chenu, theologians associated with an emerging school of thought called the Nouvelle Théologie, elements of which had been condemned in the encyclical Humani Generis of Pope Pius XII.

Before starting for the East she had met Alexander Pope, and during her absence he wrote her a series of extravagant letters, which appear to have been chiefly exercises in the art of writing gallant epistles.