In the 19th century, the term " petroleum " was frequently used to refer to mineral oils produced by distillation from mined organic solids such as cannel coal ( and later oil shale ), and refined oils produced from them ; in the United Kingdom, storage ( and later transport ) of these oils were regulated by a series of Petroleum Acts, from the Petroleum Act 1862 c. 66 onward.

It is soluble in ether, petroleum, benzene, turpentine, chloroform, carbon disulfide, & c. Galician ozokerite varies in color from light yellow to dark brown, and frequently appears green owing to dichroism.

where the index i denotes the ith species, c is the concentration ( mol / m < sup > 3 </ sub >), R is the universal gas constant ( J /( K mol )), T is the absolute temperature ( K ), and μ is the chemical potential ( J / mol ).

where f < sub > c </ sub > is the percolation threshold and R is the universal gas constant.

# Hydrocarbon generation and migration with the presence of: a ) numerous DHIs on seismic, including gas chimneys, flat spots, bright spots, phase changes and chemosynthetic reefs ; b ) gas sniffer anomalies, involving ethane / iso-butane in the southeast and propane / normal butane / total hydrocarbon in the north and northeast ; c ) UV fluorescence anomalies, especially over the wells and in the southeast ; and d ) 4 types of beach-stranded tar that correlate to the local source rock stratigraphy.

* c. 1889 Incandescent gas mantle invented, revolutionises gas lighting.

Natural gas miners and their drill, near Kokomo, Indiana during the Indiana Gas Boom, c. 1885

In fact, assuming an ideal gas, the speed of sound c depends on temperature only, not on the pressure or density ( since these change in lockstep for a given temperature and cancel out ).

Along the red portion of the isotherm which is unstable ; the Van der Waals equation fails to describe real substances in this region because the equation always assumes that the fluid is uniform while between a and c on the isotherm it becomes more stable to be a coexistence of two different phases, a denser phase which we normally call liquid and a sparser phase which we normally call gas.

where < i > P < sub > V </ sub ></ i > is the vapor pressure ( flat portion of the curve ), < i > V < sub > L </ sub ></ i > is the volume of the pure liquid phase at point a on the diagram, and < i > V < sub > G </ sub ></ i > is the volume of the pure gas phase at point c on the diagram.

It follows that systems with volumes intermediate between these two points will consist of a mixture of the pure liquid and gas with specific volumes equal to the pure liquid and gas phases at points a and c.

where k is a temperature-dependent constant, p is the partial pressure and c is the concentration of the dissolved gas in the liquid.

where p is the partial pressure of the solute in the gas above the solution, c is the concentration of the solute and k < sub > H </ sub > is a constant with the dimensions of pressure divided by concentration.

with t time, v the gas velocity, x the position, and c the sound velocity given by c² = γp₀ / ρ₀.

* From c to d. The displacer moves to the right with the cold head connected to the lp side of the compressor forcing the cold gas to pass the regenerator, while taking up heat from the regenerator.

His experiments were numerous and accurate and made upon a variety of substances ; having obtained the gas from wood, peat, different kinds of coal, oil, wax, & c. he quantified the intensity of the light from each source.

Figure 1 shows the results of the solution to this equation for α = 3 / 2, with k = ε < sub > c </ sub >= 1 which corresponds to a gas of bosons in a box.

While working on the olefins he noticed that a change takes place in the density of the vapor of amylene hydrochloride, hydrobromide, & c, as the temperature is increased, and in the gradual passage from a gas of approximately normal density to one of half-normal density he saw a powerful argument in favor of the view that abnormal vapor densities, such as are exhibited by sal-ammoniac or phosphorus pentachloride.

Gee Jon ( c. 1895 – February 8, 1924 ) was a Chinese national who was the first person in the United States to be executed by lethal gas.

An artist's impression of Gliese 876 c depicting it as a Saturn-like gas giant

Inert gas evaporation and inert gas deposition are free many of these defects due to the distillation ( c. f.

The " Lady of the Lightbulbs " revenue stamp of Canada, c. 1900.

The policy is designed to " a ) reduce the likelihood of congestion by diverting traffic to other hours with available capacity ; b ) maintain free flow travel speed in the 91 Express Lanes ; c ) maintain travel time savings ; d ) accommodate projected growth in travel demand and ; e ) ensure that the toll road generates sufficient revenue to effectively operate the toll lanes and maintain a strong debt service position.

Examples of debt burden indicators include the ( a ) debt to GDP ratio, ( b ) foreign debt to exports ratio, ( c ) government debt to current fiscal revenue ratio etc.

Examples of liquidity monitoring indicators include the ( a ) debt service to GDP ratio, ( b ) foreign debt service to exports ratio, ( c ) government debt service to current fiscal revenue ratio etc.

Guyuk Khan abolished decrees, issued by the Mongol princes, had given orders on the revenue of districts in Persia and given also orders of exemption to others in c. 1244.

His writings include Essai politique sur le revenue des peuples de l ' antiquité, du moyen âge, & c. ( 1808 ), Des systèmes d ' économie politique ( 1809 ), Théorie d ' économie politique ( 1815 ), and Dictionnaire analytique d ' économie politique ( 1826 ).

The ACLU is a 501 ( c )( 4 ) corporation which also engages in political lobbying, and donations to that component of the ACLU are not tax deductible.

The ACLU Foundation is a 501 ( c )( 3 ) non-profit corporation, which does not engage in lobbying, and donations to it are tax deductible .< ref name =" nonprofit ">

PTP is a non-profit organization in the state of Oregon, and received its 501 ( c )( 3 ) status ( a federal tax exemption granted to charitable organizations ) in early 2003.

In the United States, some of these clubs usually also have a component club organization that is a tax exempt, 501 ( c )( 3 ) non-profit organization.

To qualify for this income tax deduction, the easement must be: a ) perpetual ; b ) held by a qualified governmental or non-profit organization ; and, c ) serve a valid " conservation purpose ", meaning the property must have an appreciable natural, scenic, historic, scientific, recreational, or open space value.

Section 2031 ( c ) of the tax code provides further estate tax incentives for properties subject to a donated conservation easement.

The Arts Alliance became a 501 ( c )( 3 ) tax exempt organization in 2010.

Importantly, this role as tax collectors was not emphasized until late into the history of the Republic ( c. 1st century BC ).

The United States and its governmental subdivisions also exempt most churches from payment of income tax ( under Section 501 ( c )( 3 ) of the Internal Revenue Code and similar state statutes, which also allows donors to claim the donations as an income tax itemized deduction ).

The corporation attained federal tax exemption as a religious entity under IRS Code 501 ( c ) 3 in 1982.

The Stamp Act 1765 ( short title Duties in American Colonies Act 1765 ; 5 George III, c. 12 ) was a direct tax imposed by the British Parliament specifically on the colonies of British America.

The marginal tax rate t at which an investor is indifferent between holding a corporate bond yielding r < sub > c </ sub > and a municipal bond yielding r < sub > m </ sub > is:

) and the offence is category 4 ( the production of 9 plants or less, assuming 40g or less per plant ) the starting point for sentencing is a ' band c fine ' ( 150 % of your weekly income, after tax ), decreasing to ' discharge ' or increasing to ' low level community order ' ( community service, curfew, attendance centre or similar for a small amount of time ) depending on other mitigating or aggravating factors such as theft of electricity, the presence of children or whether the offender has grown the plants for use in the treatment of a valid medical condition.

* Establishment of a poll tax ( c. 9 ) to pay off the disbanding of the New Model Army

The Internal Revenue Service requires that non-profit organizations that receive tax exemptions under Section 501 ( c )( 3 ) have a quorum present at their required yearly meeting.

When Xenocrates was unable to pay the new tax on metics ( foreign residents ) c. 322 BC, and the Athenians threatened him with slavery, he was only saved ( according to one story ) when Demetrius purchased his debt and paid his tax.

ACT UP had an early debate about whether to register the organization as a 501 ( c )( 3 ) nonprofit in order to allow contributors tax exemptions.

Daniel Shays ( c. 1747 – September 29, 1825 ) was an American soldier, revolutionary, and farmer famous for being one of the leaders of Shays ' Rebellion, a populist uprising against oppressive debt collection and tax policies in Massachusetts in 1786 and 1787.

Esalen Institute is organized as a California nonprofit corporation, certified by the Internal Revenue Service for tax exemptions under Section 501 ( c )( 3 ) of the Internal Revenue Code.

It is officially recognized as a non-profit organization under U. S. tax code 501 ( c )( 3 ).

The group has tax-exempt status under IRC 501 ( c )( 3 ) of the U. S. tax code, though the Mozilla Corporation subsidiary is taxable.