In his Rudolphine Tables ( 1627 ), Johannes Kepler used a prototype of year zero which he labeled Christi ( Christ ) between years labeled Ante Christum ( Before Christ ) and Post Christum ( After Christ ) on the mean motion tables for the Sun, Moon, Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus and Mercury.

* The Day Before Spring ( 1945 ), with Frederick Loewe

Before then, the government was a Crown colony consisting of either colonial administration solely ( such as the Executive Council ), or a mixture of colonial rule and a partially elected assembly, such as the Legislative Council.

Before that time, all sacrifices were counted as sacrifice hits ( SH ), which included both sacrifice flies and bunts.

Baseball Before We Knew It: A Search for the Roots of the Game ( 2005 ), by David Block, suggests that the game originated in England ; recently uncovered historical evidence supports this position.

Before he entered parliament, Disraeli was involved with several women, most notably Henrietta, Lady Sykes ( the wife of Sir Francis Sykes, 3rd Bt ), who served as the model for Henrietta Temple.

* Before his death Joshua delivered a farewell address to the Israelites ( 23 – 24 ), just as Moses had delivered his farewell address ( Deut.

Before the Brunei People ’ s Party electoral success, a military wing had emerged, the North Kalimantan National Army ( Malay abbreviation TNKU, Tentera Nasional Kalimantan Utara ), which saw itself as an anti-colonialist liberation party.

Before Broadway became one-way, the main bus routes along it were the New York City Omnibus Company's ( NYCO ) 6 ( Broadway below Times Square ), 7 ( Broadway and Columbus Avenue ), and 11 ( Ninth and Amsterdam Avenues ), and the Surface Transportation Corporation's M100 ( Kingsbridge ) and M104 ( Broadway Branch ).

Before the Norman conquest in 1066, justice was administered primarily by what is today known as the county courts ( the modern " counties " were referred to as " Shires " in pre-Norman times ), presided by the diocesan bishop and the sheriff, exercising both ecclesiastical and civil jurisdiction.

Before 1938, the federal courts, like almost all other common law courts, decided the law on any issue where the relevant legislature ( either the U. S. Congress or state legislature, depending on the issue ), had not acted, by looking to courts in the same system, that is, other federal courts, even on issues of state law, and even where there was no express grant of authority from Congress or the Constitution.

Some are non-verbal ( Marmaduke, The Angriest Dog in the World ), some have verbal thoughts but are not understood by humans, ( Garfield, Snoopy in Peanuts ), and some can converse with humans ( Bloom County, Calvin and Hobbes, Mutts, Citizen Dog, Buckles, Get Fuzzy, Pearls Before Swine and Pooch Cafe ).

The Science of Conjecture: Evidence and Probability Before Pascal ( Johns Hopkins ), ch.

Before the impact, models of Jupiter's atmosphere had indicated that the break-up of the largest fragments would occur at atmospheric pressures of anywhere from 30 kilopascals to a few tens of megapascals ( from 0. 3 to a few hundred bar ), with some predictions that the comet would penetrate a layer of water and create a bluish shroud over that region of Jupiter.

He also provided the voice of Jack Skellington, the main character in Tim Burton's animated Disney film The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ), and has since reprised the role in many other subsequent productions, including the Disney / Square video games Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II and the Capcom sequel to the original film, Oogie's Revenge.

) Before a major fire, typical chaparral plant communities are dominated by manzanita, chamise ( also called greasewood or Adenostoma fasciculatum ) and Ceanothus species, Toyon ( which can sometimes be interspersed with scrub oaks ), and other drought-resistant shrubs with hard ( sclerophyllous ) leaves ; these plants resprout ( see resprouter ) from underground burls after a fire.

Before the development of X-ray diffraction crystallography ( see below ), the study of crystals was based on their geometry.

Before the development of silicon power rectifier diodes, cuprous oxide and later selenium was used ; its low efficiency gave it a much higher forward voltage drop ( typically 1. 4 to 1. 7 V per " cell ", with multiple cells stacked to increase the peak inverse voltage rating in high voltage rectifiers ), and required a large heat sink ( often an extension of the diode ’ s metal substrate ), much larger than a silicon diode of the same current ratings would require.

Before the year 1830 drew to a close, both Marshal Sucre and Simón Bolívar would be dead ; the former, murdered ( on orders from a jealous General Flores, according to some historians ), and the latter, from tuberculosis.

Before the Israeli military occupied Sinai during the June 1967 War ( Arab-Israeli war, also known as the Six-Day War ), a single Egyptian governorate administered the whole peninsula.

After the war, the critically acclaimed Drunken Angel ( 1948 ), in which Kurosawa cast then-unknown actor Toshiro Mifune in a starring role, cemented the director's reputation as one of the most important young filmmakers in Japan.

The other Rutherford films ( all directed by George Pollock ) were Murder at the Gallop ( 1963 ), based on the 1953 Hercule Poirot novel After the Funeral ( In this film, she is identified as Miss JTV Marple, though there was no indication as to what the extra initials might stand for ); Murder Most Foul ( 1964 ), based on the 1952 Poirot novel Mrs McGinty's Dead ; and Murder Ahoy!

After three nights, the soul of the wicked is taken by the demon Vizaresa ( Vīzarəša ), to Chinvat bridge, and is made to go to darkness ( hell ).

After 1890 came philosopher Josiah Royce ( 1855 – 1916 ), botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey ( 1858 – 1954 ), the Southern Agrarians of the 1920s and 1930s, novelist John Steinbeck ( 1902 – 1968 ), historian A. Whitney Griswold ( 1906 – 1963 ), environmentalist Aldo Leopold ( 1887 – 1948 ), Ralph Borsodi ( 1886 – 1977 ), and present-day authors Wendell Berry ( b. 1934 ), Gene Logsdon ( b. 1932 ), Paul Thompson, and Allan C. Carlson ( b. 1949 ).

After the longest reign since Augustus ( surpassing Tiberius by a couple of months ), Antoninus died of fever at Lorium in Etruria, about twelve miles ( 19 km ) from Rome, on 7 March 161, giving the keynote to his life in the last word that he uttered when the tribune of the night-watch came to ask the password —" aequanimitas " ( equanimity ).

* 1967 – After refusing induction into the United States Army the day before ( citing religious reasons ), Muhammad Ali is stripped of his boxing title.

After describing the manifestation of the Gospel in the Ogdoad and Hebdomad, he adds that the Basilidians have a long account of the innumerable creations and powers in the several ' stages ' of the upper world ( diastemata ), in which they speak of 365 heavens and say that " their great archon " is Abrasax, because his name contains the number 365, the number of the days in the year ; i. e. the sum of the numbers denoted by the Greek letters in ΑΒΡΑΣΑΞ according to the rules of isopsephy is 365:

After this deed he fled to Talmai, the king of Geshur () ( see also or ), his maternal grandfather, and it was not until three years later that he was fully reinstated in his father's favour and finally returned to Jerusalem.

After spending the winter organizing a cavalry force ( hippeis ), he made a successful incursion into Lydia in the spring of 395 BC.

After Achilles, Ajax is the most valuable warrior in Agamemnon's army ( along with Diomedes ), though he is not as cunning as Nestor, Diomedes, Idomeneus, or Odysseus, he is much more powerful and just as intelligent.

After Amadeus abandonment in 1873, Parliament declared the Federal Republic ( including the Cuba, Puerto Ico and he Pacific Archipelagos ), the first act of President Estanbislao Figueras was to extend the Abolition Act to Puerto Rico.

After being widowed in 1327, Alfonso married in February 1329 Eleanor of Castile ( 1308 – 1359 ), who was betrothed to his brother James, who had refused to consummate the marriage.

After Anna died in 1281, in 1284 Andronikos II then married Yolanda ( renamed Irene ), a daughter of Marquis William VII of Montferrat, with whom he had:

After pitching his team to a 26 – 2 victory over a local men's amateur team ( the Mercantiles ), he was approached by another, the Forest Citys, for whom he played for two years.

After he happened upon the chained Andromeda, he approached Cetus while invisible ( for he was wearing Hades's helm ), and killed the sea monster.

After the settlement of the Israelites in Canaan, the Ark remained in the Tabernacle at Gilgal for a season before being removed to Shiloh until the time of Eli, between 300 and 400 years ( Jeremiah 7: 12 ), when it was carried into the field of battle, so as to secure, as they had hoped, victory to the Hebrews.

Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā ( Persian پور سينا Pur-e Sina " son of Sina "; c. 980 – 1037 ), commonly known as Ibn Sīnā or by his Latinized name Avicenna, was a Persian polymath, who wrote almost 450 treatises on a wide range of subjects, of which around 240 have survived.

), Avicenna and his Legacy.

Thomas Aquinas ( c. 1225 – 1274 ), a theologian in Medieval Europe, adapted the argument he found in his reading of Aristotle and Avicenna to form one of the most influential versions of the cosmological argument.

According to Iranian author Nabipour I., in medieval Persia, Avicenna ( 980-1037 ) provided a detailed account on diabetes mellitus in The Canon of Medicine ( c. 1025 ), " describing the abnormal appetite and the collapse of sexual functions and he documented the sweet taste of diabetic urine.

For Avicenna ( Ibn Sina ), for example, the a tabula rasa is a pure potentiality that is actualized through education, and knowledge is attained through " empirical familiarity with objects in this world from which one abstracts universal concepts " developed through a " syllogistic method of reasoning in which observations lead to propositional statements which when compounded lead to further abstract concepts.

Aristotle previously explained it in terms of vaporous exhalations, which Avicenna modified into the theory of petrifying fluids ( succus lapidificatus ), which was elaborated on by Albert of Saxony in the 14th century and accepted in some form by most naturalists by the 16th century.

A strong emphasis on experimentation and empiricism led to new results and new observations, which were contrasted and combined with those of Galen by writers such as Rhazes, Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi ( Haly Abbas ), Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi ( Abulasis ), Ibn Sina ( Avicenna ), Ibn Zuhr and Ibn al-Nafis.

Ibn Sina ( 980 – 1037 ), known by the Latin name Avicenna, was a medical researcher from Bukhara, Uzbekistan responsible for important contributions to the disciplines of physics, optics, philosophy and medicine.

Avicenna, considered among the most influential medical scholars in history, wrote The Canon of Medicine ( 1025 ) and The Book of Healing ( 1027 ), which remained standard textbooks in both Muslim and European universities until the 17th century.

In The Canon of Medicine ( 1020 ), Abū Alī ibn Sīnā ( Avicenna ) hypothesized that tuberculosis and other diseases might be contagious

The teleological argument was presented by the early Islamic philosophers, Alkindus and Averroes ( founder of Averroism ), while Avicenna ( founder of the Avicennism school of Islamic philosophy ) presented both the cosmological argument and ontological argument in The Book of Healing ( 1027 ).

However, in the Western thought, it is generally supposed that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Islam: al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), al-Farabi ( Abunaser ), İbn Sina ( Avicenna ), Ibn Bajjah ( Avempace ), Ibn Rushd ( Averroes ), and Ibn Khaldun.

* Ibn Sina ( Avicenna, 980 – 1037 ), who formulated the law of superposition and concept of uniformitarianism in The Book of Healing.

* Avicenna, De Anima ( Fi ’ l-Nafs ), F. Rahman ( trans.

* Abū ' Alī al-Husayn ibn Sīnā ( a. k. a. Avicenna ), Persian polymath: physician, philosopher, scientist, astronomer, chemist, geologist, Hafiz, logician, mathematician, physicist, poet, psychologist, Sheikh, soldier, statesman and Islamic theologian

Most of the leading scientists around the year 1000 were Muslim scientists, including Ibn al-Haytham ( Alhacen ), Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, Avicenna, Abu al-Qasim ( Abulcasis ), Ibn Yunus, Abu Sahl al-Quhi ( Kuhi ), Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi, Abu Nasr Mansur, Abu al-Wafa, Ahmad ibn Fadlan, Al-Muqaddasi, Ali Ibn Isa, and al-Karaji ( al-Karkhi ), among others.