Nevertheless, in 1861, Lincoln justified the war in terms of legalisms ( the Constitution was a contract, and for one party to get out of a contract all the other parties had to agree ), and then in terms of the national duty to guarantee a republican form of government in every state.

An American in Paris is scored for 3 flutes ( 3rd doubling on piccolo ), 2 oboes, English horn, 2 clarinets in B flat, bass clarinet in B flat, 2 bassoons, 4 horns in F, 3 trumpets in B flat, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, snare drum, bass drum, triangle, wood block, cymbals, low and high tom-toms, xylophone, glockenspiel, celesta, 4 taxi horns resembling the pitches A, B, C and D, alto saxophone / soprano saxophone, tenor saxophone / soprano saxophone / alto saxophone, baritone saxophone / soprano saxophone / alto saxophone, and strings.

Winning the 1951 Best Picture Oscar and numerous other awards, the film was directed by Vincente Minnelli, featured many tunes of Gershwin, and concluded with an extensive, elaborate dance sequence built around the An American in Paris symphonic poem ( arranged for the film by Johnny Green ), costing $ 500, 000.

It is also the oldest award ceremony in the media ; its equivalents, the Grammy Awards ( for music ), Emmy Awards ( for television ), and Tony Awards ( for theatre ) are modeled after the Academy.

It is the basis for Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC ), which is used for civil timekeeping all over the Earth's surface, and for Terrestrial Time, which is used for astronomical calculations.

This time scale is expressed in the form of tables of differences UTC-UTC ( k ) ( equivalent to TAI-TAI ( k )) for each participating institution k. ( The same circular also gives tables of TAI-TA ( k ), for the various unsynchronised atomic time scales.

The instant that the gravitational correction started to be applied serves as the epoch for Barycentric Coordinate Time ( TCB ), Geocentric Coordinate Time ( TCG ), and Terrestrial Time ( TT ).

The term was originally coined in the 19th century by the founding sociologist and philosopher of science, Auguste Comte, and has become a major topic for psychologists ( especially evolutionary psychology researchers ), evolutionary biologists, and ethologists.

He identified four major motives for altruism: altruism to ultimately benefit the self ( egoism ), to ultimately benefit the other person ( altruism ), to benefit a group ( collectivism ), or to uphold a moral principle ( principlism ).

In the 1990s and 2000s ( decade ), calls for clarification of what constitutes a culture, of how an observer knows where his or her own culture ends and another begins, and other crucial topics in writing anthropology were heard.

Although Tylor undertook a field trip to Mexico, both he and Frazer derived most of the material for their comparative studies through extensive reading, not fieldwork, mainly the Classics ( literature and history of Greece and Rome ), the work of the early European folklorists, and reports from missionaries, travelers, and contemporaneous ethnologists.

Lewis Henry Morgan ( 1818 – 1881 ), a lawyer from Rochester, New York, became an advocate for and ethnological scholar of the Iroquois.

* Aliens ( Kaypro video game ), a text-only clone of Space Invaders written for the CP / M operating system

The film's plot, setting, and style echoes that of the Hammer Horror films, which had their own instantly recognizable style ( just as Universal Studios ' horror films did ), and is reminiscent of the Hammer production of The Revenge of Frankenstein starring Peter Cushing.

Constant False Alarm Rate, a form of Automatic Gain Control ( AGC ), is a method that relies on clutter returns far outnumbering echoes from targets of interest.

The Byzantine Empire and Gondor were both only echoes of older states ( the Roman Empire and the unified kingdom of Elendil ), yet each proved to be stronger than their sister-kingdoms ( the Western Roman Empire and Arnor, respectively ).

The ancient Greek poet Hesiod has in his account of the birth of the gods and creation of the world ( i. e., in his Theogony ) that Chaos begot the primordial deities: Eros, Gaia ( Earth ) and Tartarus, who begot Erebus ( Darkness ) and Nyx ( Night ), and Plato echoes this genealogy in the Timaeus 40e, 41e where the familiar Titan and Olympian gods are sired by Heaven and Earth.

Jesus ' emphasis on loving one's neighbor ( see Great Commandment ), for example, echoes the teaching of the school of Hillel.

Some echoes of the Euripidean Oedipus have been traced also in a scene of Seneca's Oedipus ( see below ), in which Oedipus himself describes to Jocasta his adventure with the Sphinx.

The name " Skyway " may be derived from the area's correspondence with a high ridge in western Washington's hilly terrain, a name that echoes the Welsh “ Bryn Mawr ” ( also the denomination used for a village and several other places ), which means big hill

His Arian Baptistry in Ravenna ( c. 500 ), for example, closely echoes the Baptistry of Neon built before it.

The revolutionary year 1848 had its echoes in the Romanian principalities and in Transylvania, and a new elite from the middle of the 19th century emerged from the revolutions: Mihail Kogălniceanu ( writer, politician and the first prime minister of Romania ), Vasile Alecsandri ( politician, playwright and poet ), Andrei Mureşanu ( publicist and the writer of the current Romanian National Anthem ) and Nicolae Bălcescu ( historian, writer and revolutionary ).

In Young Frankenstein ( 1974 ), it echoes almost as a non-representation ; the ghoulish Marty Feldman, hearing a shrill and anguished female wail from a remote dungeon, smiles and ( almost ) sings " Beautiful Screamer " .....

* Devices intended to present an apparent load of Z < sub > load </ sub > = Z < sub > line </ sub > ( complex impedance matching ), to avoid echoes.

Indeed, in her devotion to Kallikrates ( two thousand years after his death ), Ayesha echoes the long-lasting fidelity of Victoria to her husband, Albert.

Their ancient oracle traditions, handed down for centuries, contained some startling echoes of the Old Testament that some scholars conjecture a linkage with Jewish communities ( or possibly even Nestorians ), before their migrations from western China into Burma perhaps as early as the 12th century.

Donny Hathaway Live, which featured noted R & B musicians Willie Weeks ( bass ), Fred White ( drums ), Mike Howard ( guitar ), Phil Upchurch ( lead guitar side 1 ), Cornell Dupree ( lead guitar side 2 ) and Earl DeRouen ( percussion ) has been cited as an influence by numerous artists including Alicia Keys, Chris Brown, Amy Winehouse, Beyoncé, George Benson, India. Arie, Jon Gibson, Stevie Wonder, Brian McKnight, Anthony Hamilton, Usher, Justin Timberlake, and Frank McComb are among the contemporary artists whose work echoes Hathaway's.

The title, furthermore, echoes Wolfe novels Too Many Cooks ( 1938 ), Too Many Women ( 1947 ) and Too Many Clients ( 1960 ).

Romantic composer Felix Mendelssohn visited in 1829 and wrote Die Hebriden ( in English, Hebrides Overture Opus 26, commonly known as Fingal's Cave overture ), inspired by the weird echoes in the cave.

* Pointer ( graphical user interfaces ), the graphical image which echoes movements of the pointing device, commonly a mouse or touchpad

] Beckett's last text published during his lifetime, Stirrings Still ( 1988 ), breaks down the barriers between drama, fiction, and poetry, with texts of the collection being almost entirely composed of echoes and reiterations of his previous work [...] He was definitely one of the fathers of the postmodern movement in fiction which has continued undermining the ideas of logical coherence in narration, formal plot, regular time sequence, and psychologically explained characters.

Thoughtform are evident in Vajrayana Buddhism, Bönpo traditions, indigenous cultural traditions throughout the world such as Cherokee of North America and Indigenous Australians ( who understand the waking, created world to be a thoughtform subset of The Dreaming ), shamanic traditions, echoes are evident in ghosts or supernatural agency, folk religion, esoteric philosophies such as Theosophy and what is construed as the New Age.

Cloud Gate created numerous dances that evoked the unique experience of Taiwan people within the larger Chinese and Asian context, including such works as White Serpent Tale ( bai she zhuan ), an adaptation of a centerpiece of the Chinese folk canon, Legend of the White Snake ; Crossing the Ocean ( du hai ), a dance rich with layered references to generations of Chinese who have crossed the Taiwan Straits to reach Taiwan ; Liao Tianding, about a legendary Taiwanese Robin Hood character who foiled oppressive officials during the period of the Japanese occupation of Taiwan ; and Wu Feng, a long form piece with echoes of The Rite of Spring, about the Wu Feng Legend, concerning an official from the Chinese Mainland who was involved in early efforts to pacify aborigines in Taiwan.

A special mention should be made of Narcissus ( daffodils and narcissi ), cultivated in various parts of the world as an ornamental in gardens and as a cut flower.

Whatever professionalism there was tended to disguise itself ; it was possible to pay for the services of a speechwriter ( logographos ) but this was not advertised in court ( except as something your opponent had to resort to ), and even politically prominent litigants made some show of disowning special expertise.

Because the original designer had left the company another employee completely redesigned most of the system, ( adding a display snow remover circuit, true 80 / 64 column text mode support, ( with different size letters for TRS-80 and CP / M mode, so that in TRS-80 mode the full screen was also used, not just a 64x16 portion of the 80x25 screen ) with an improved font set ( adding " gray scale " version of the TRS-80 mozaik graphics and many special PETSCII like characters ), and a more flexible and reliable floppy disk controller and keyboard interface plus many other small improvements ), also an enclosure was developed for the main computer system, ( in the form of a 19-inch rack for the Eurocards ) and for two floppy disk drives and the power supply.

The rite begins with reading Psalm 50 ( the great penitential psalm ), followed by the chanting of a special canon.

A new generation of MAOIs has been introduced ; moclobemide ( Manerix ), known as a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A ( RIMA ), which is as effective as SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants, in depressive disorders, acts in a more short-lived and selective manner and does not require a special diet.

Anthroposophical ideas have been applied practically in many areas including Steiner / Waldorf education, special education ( most prominently through the Camphill Movement ), agriculture, medicine, ethical banking, organizational development, and the arts.

Math., 1858 ) and Ernst Abbe showed that the properties of these reproductions, i. e. the relative position and magnitude of the images, are not special properties of optical systems, but necessary consequences of the supposition ( in Abbe ) of the reproduction of all points of a space in image points ( Maxwell assumes a less general hypothesis ), and are independent of the manner in which the reproduction is effected.

* Ai ( x ), the Airy function, a special function in mathematics

A system of preferences — which consists of market opening lists, special cooperation programs ( business rounds, preinvestment, financing, technological support ) and countervailing measures on behalf of the landlocked countries — has been granted to the countries deemed to be less developed ( Bolivia, Ecuador and Paraguay ), to favour their full participation in the integration process.

Traditional arts of the Aleuts include hunting, weapon-making, building of baidarkas ( special hunting boats ), weaving, figurine making, clothing, carving, and mask making.

The term acquired a special significance in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant ( 1724 – 1804 ), who used it to describe the equally rational but contradictory results of applying to the universe of pure thought the categories or criteria of reason that are proper to the universe of sensible perception or experience ( phenomena ).

Patterson claimed to have screened the film for unnamed technicians " in the special effects department at Universal Studios in Hollywood ... Their conclusion was: ' We could try ( faking it ), but we would have to create a completely new system of artificial muscles and find an actor who could be trained to walk like that.

In special circumstances ( such as a ward consisting entirely of young university students ), a bishop may be chosen from outside the ward.

The bilinear transform is a special case of a conformal mapping ( namely, the Möbius transformation ), often used to convert a transfer function of a linear, time-invariant ( LTI ) filter in the continuous-time domain ( often called an analog filter ) to a transfer function of a linear, shift-invariant filter in the discrete-time domain ( often called a digital filter although there are analog filters constructed with switched capacitors that are discrete-time filters ).

Bliss-characters can now be used in a creative way to create many new arbitrary concepts, by surrounding the invented words with special Bliss indicators ( similar to punctuation ), something which was not possible in the ISO-IR / 169 encoding.

3-satisfiability is a special case of k-satisfiability ( k-SAT ) or simply satisfiability ( SAT ), when each clause contains exactly k = 3 literals.

In the revised edition ( BC2 ), only capital letters are used, with numerals occasionally used for special purposes.

Meanwhile, under the direction of Benedict XIV ( pope 1740 – 1758 ), a special congregation collected much material for an official revision, but nothing was published.

The term Bayesian refers to Thomas Bayes ( 1702 – 1761 ), who proved a special case of what is now called Bayes ' theorem in a paper titled " An Essay towards solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances ".

( 1957, 1970, 2001, 2007 ) The Heavens ( 1970 ), Cartographic Division of the National Geographic Society ( NGS ), Washington, D. C., U. S. A., two sided large map chart depicting the constellations of the heavens ; as special supplement to the August 1970 issue of National Geographic.

A special armed employee of the express service using the stage for transportation of bullion or cash would sit beside the driver, carrying a short shotgun ( or alternatively a rifle ), to provide an armed response in case of threat to the cargo, which was usually a strongbox.

According to Suetonius in his De vita Caesarum ( The Lives of the Twelve Caesars ), written in the first century CE, the emperor Augustus sometimes presented old and exotic coins to friends and courtiers during festivals and other special occasions.